Ecology of antifouling resistance in the bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus: patterns of microfouling and antimicrobial protection
Ecology of antifouling resistance in the bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus: patterns of microfouling and antimicrobial protection
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膀胱破裂墨角藻抗污抗性的生态学：微污损和抗菌保护的模式
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
F. Weinberger
中科院分区：
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作者：
M. Wahl;L. Shahnaz;Sergey Dobretsov;M. Saha;Frauke Symanowski;Kristina David;T. Lachnit;M. Vasel;F. Weinberger
适度的环境压力的影响可能是调制的压力引起的生物相互作用，如主机epibiont关系的转变。我们研究了在浅水的西波罗的海栖息地的压力制度，在不同的时间和空间尺度上的污染的变化，以及是否常见的压力-低光，高温和放牧-影响生物膜的丰度和组成的区域重要的macrophages，膀胱wrack墨角藻vesiculosus。我们进一步探索了微污染物的化学调节的招聘能力，并分析了这种能力是否受到压力的影响。在实验室、围隔和野外试验中，随着温度、光照、深度和放牧等环境条件的变化，结垢压力和表生生物覆盖度变化很大。预期非生物胁迫会影响微生物的结垢调节能力，从而间接产生观察到的表生作用的变异性，但这一点并未得到普遍证实。事实上，虽然耐化学腐蚀性的强度随季节变化，在冬春季节最大，夏末最小，但这可能与环境胁迫、污垢压力或F.囊状的只有繁殖的季节性变化似乎与繁殖活动同步。对照试验证实，温度和放牧对抗性强度没有影响，光照对抗性强度的影响较小。结果表明，F. vesiculosus可能遭受光减少（例如，通过富营养化效应），但对预测的变暖或增强的放牧不敏感。
The impact of moderate environmental stress may be modulated by stress-induced shifts of biotic interactions such as host-epibiont relationships. We studied the stress regime in shal- low Western Baltic habitats, the variability of fouling at different temporal and spatial scales, and whether common stressors — low light, high temperature and grazing — affect the abundance and composition of the biofilm on a regionally important macroalga, the bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus. We further explored the alga's capacity to chemically modulate the recruitment of microfoulers and analyzed whether this ability is impacted by stress. In laboratory, mesocosm and field experiments, fouling pressure and epibiotic cover on the alga varied strongly with changing environmental condi- tions such as temperature, irradiance, depth and grazing. The expectation that abiotic stress affects the fouling-modulating ability of the alga and thus indirectly produces the observed variability of epi- biosis was not generally confirmed. Indeed, while the strength of chemical antifouling resistance var- ied seasonally, with a maximum in winter-spring and a minimum in late summer, this could not be related to temporal patterns of environmental stress, fouling pressure, or growth of F. vesiculosus. Only the seasonal variation in reproduction seemed to be in phase with antifouling activity. Con- trolled experiments confirmed that resistance strength was not affected by temperature or grazing, and only moderately by light. We conclude that the fouling modulation ability of F. vesiculosus may suffer from light reduction (e.g. by eutrophication effects), but is not sensitive to predicted warming or enhanced grazing.