The Community Climate System Model Version 4
The Community Climate System Model Version 4
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DOI：
10.1175/2011jcli4083.1
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Zhang, Minghua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gent, Peter R.;Danabasoglu, Gokhan;Zhang, Minghua
社区气候系统模型第四版（CCSM 4）最近完成并发布给气候社区。本文介绍了所有CCSM组件的发展，并与以前的版本CCSM 3相比，完全耦合的工业化前控制运行的文件。使用1度的标准大气和陆地分辨率，导致主要上升流区域的海面温度偏差与1.4度分辨率的CCSM 3相当。两个变化的深对流计划在大气成分的结果在CCSM 4产生厄尔尼诺南方涛动变率与更现实的频率分布比CCSM 3，虽然幅度太大相比，观测。这些变化也改善了Madden-Julian振荡和热带降水的频率分布。一个新的溢出参数化的海洋组件导致改进的模拟墨西哥湾流路径和北大西洋纬向翻转环流。CCSM 4陆地部分的变化导致水储存的年循环大大改善，特别是在热带地区。CCSM 4海冰部分使用比CCSM 3更真实的观测数据，并且由于几个原因，CCSM 4中北极海冰的浓度得到了改善。20世纪模拟的集合与1979年至2005年9月观测到的北极海冰范围很好地匹配。CCSM 4在1850年至2005年之间的全球平均表面温度的总体平均增幅比观测到的增幅大约0.4摄氏度。这与CCSM 4不包括气溶胶间接影响的代表性的事实相一致，尽管其他因素可能起作用。CCSM 4仍然存在明显的偏差，如热带太平洋的平均降水分布，北极低云过多，短波和长波云强迫的纬向分布。
The fourth version of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) was recently completed and released to the climate community. This paper describes developments to all CCSM components, and documents fully coupled preindustrial control runs compared to the previous version, CCSM3. Using the standard atmosphere and land resolution of 1 degrees results in the sea surface temperature biases in the major upwelling regions being comparable to the 1.4 degrees-resolution CCSM3. Two changes to the deep convection scheme in the atmosphere component result in CCSM4 producing El Nino-Southern Oscillation variability with a much more realistic frequency distribution than in CCSM3, although the amplitude is too large compared to observations. These changes also improve the Madden-Julian oscillation and the frequency distribution of tropical precipitation. A new overflow parameterization in the ocean component leads to an improved simulation of the Gulf Stream path and the North Atlantic Ocean meridional overturning circulation. Changes to the CCSM4 land component lead to a much improved annual cycle of water storage, especially in the tropics. The CCSM4 sea ice component uses much more realistic albedos than CCSM3, and for several reasons the Arctic sea ice concentration is improved in CCSM4. An ensemble of twentieth-century simulations produces a good match to the observed September Arctic sea ice extent from 1979 to 2005. The CCSM4 ensemble mean increase in globally averaged surface temperature between 1850 and 2005 is larger than the observed increase by about 0.4 degrees C. This is consistent with the fact that CCSM4 does not include a representation of the indirect effects of aerosols, although other factors may come into play. The CCSM4 still has significant biases, such as the mean precipitation distribution in the tropical Pacific Ocean, too much low cloud in the Arctic, and the latitudinal distributions of shortwave and longwave cloud forcings.