The bilingual brain: Cerebral representation of languages
The bilingual brain: Cerebral representation of languages
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DOI：
10.1006/brln.2001.2481
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fabbro, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fabbro, F
本文讨论多语言大脑中语言表征的理论和实验方面。双语大脑的研究采用了两种一般方法。双语失语症的研究使我们能够描述各种语言的不同子成分之间的分离和双重分离。此外，还报道了双语失语症特有的症状（病理性混合、转换和翻译障碍），这使得双语者特有的某些能力与特定的神经功能系统相关。研究双语大脑的另一种方法是实验类型，例如电生理学研究（脑手术期间的皮质电刺激和事件相关电位）和功能神经解剖学研究（正电子发射断层扫描和功能磁共振成像）。功能神经解剖学研究调查了处理词汇和句法刺激以及短篇故事时语言的大脑表征。神经生理学和神经影像学研究证明，早期和晚期双语者的 L1 和 L2 词汇的大脑表征相似。如果在 7 岁之后习得 L2，两种语言对语言语法方面的表征似乎有所不同，自动过程和正确性低于母语。这些结果与陈述性记忆系统中两个词典的更大表示一致，而形态句法方面可以根据习得与学习模式在不同的系统中组织。 (C) 2001 年学术出版社。
The present article deals with theoretical and experimental aspects of language representation in the multilingual brain. Two general approaches were adopted in the study of the bilingual brain. The study of bilingual aphasics allows us to describe dissociations and double dissociations between the different subcomponents of the various languages. Furthermore, symptoms peculiar to bilingual aphasia were reported (pathological mixing and switching and translations disorders) which allowed the correlation of some abilities specific to bilinguals with particular neurofunctional systems. Another approach to the study of the bilingual brain is of the experimental type, such as electrophysiological investigations (electrocorticostimulation during brain surgery and event-related potentials) and functional neuroanatomy studies (positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging). Functional neuroanatomy studies investigated the brain representation of languages when processing lexical and syntactic stimuli and short stories. Neurophysiologic and neuroimaging studies evidenced a similar cerebral representation of L1 and L2 lexicons both in early and late bilinguals. The representation of grammatical aspects of languages seems to be different between the two languages if L2 is acquired after the age of 7, with automatic processes and correctness being lower than those of the native language. These results are in line with a greater representation of the two lexicons in the declarative memory systems, whereas morphosyntactic aspects may be organized in different systems according to the acquisition vs learning modality. (C) 2001 Academic Press.