A MICRO-LEVEL MODEL OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS AND HEALTH INEQUALITIES
A MICRO-LEVEL MODEL OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS AND HEALTH INEQUALITIES
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DOI：
10.2190/hs.40.2.d
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Muntaner, Carles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Benach, Joan;Solar, Orielle;Muntaner, Carles
理论模型是一种在具体情况下将造成健康不平等的许多因素形象化的方法。本文提出了一个模型，显示微观层面的途径有关就业和工作条件的健康不平等。第一个重要（间接）途径是有害工作条件的不平等分布。就业和工作条件往往在沿着相同的社会轴线上分布不均：社会阶级、性别、族裔/种族、移民/移徙身份、领土等等。根本机制是剥削、支配和歧视。物质匮乏和经济不平等是将（非标准）就业条件与健康不平等联系起来的第二个直接途径。在第三种途径中，就业条件可能通过几种心理、行为和生理病理学途径对健康不平等产生重要影响。虽然这几种途径是分开的分析目的，他们在很大程度上是相互交织的，最理想的是，应该以综合的方式进行研究。本文提出的理论模型有三个主要目的：为组织科学数据提供分析清晰度、鼓励进一步观察和因果检验以及确定政策切入点。
Theoretical models are a way of visualizing, in context, the many factors that contribute to inequalities in health. This article presents a model showing the micro-level pathways relating employment and working conditions to health inequalities. A first important (indirect) pathway runs through the unequal distribution of harmful working conditions. Both employment and working conditions tend to be unequally distributed along the same social axes: social class, gender, ethnicity/race, immigration/migration status, territory, and so forth. Underlying mechanisms are exploitation, domination, and discrimination. Material deprivation and economic inequalities constitute a second direct pathway linking (nonstandard) employment conditions to health inequalities. In a third pathway, employment conditions may have an important effect on health inequalities via several psychosocial, behavioral, and physiopathological pathways. Although these several pathways are separated for analytical purposes, they are largely intertwined and, ideally, should be studied in an integrated way. The theoretical model presented in this article serves three main purposes: providing analytical clarity for organizing scientific data, encouraging further observation and causal testing, and identifying policy entry points.