Severe intergenerational reproductive conflict and the evolution of menopause
Severe intergenerational reproductive conflict and the evolution of menopause
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01851.x
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Russell, Andrew F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lahdenpera, Mirkka;Gillespie, Duncan O. S.;Russell, Andrew F.
人类更年期在女性中普遍存在，并且不受现代性的影响。此外，这仍然是一个进化难题：研究基本上未能解释 50 年后繁殖选择逐渐减少的问题。通过使用工业化前芬兰人 200 年的数据集，我们发现一个重要组成部分是无血缘关系的女性之间的代际生殖冲突。连续几代姻亲同时生育会导致后代存活率下降高达 66%。包容性适应性模型显示，将姻亲之间同时代际繁殖的适应性后果与祖母的适应性后果和分娩时死亡的风险结合起来，足以产生针对 51 岁以上继续繁殖的选择。模型估计的分解表明，前两者在产生针对持续繁殖的选择方面影响最大。我们认为，更年期的进化部分是由于生态稀缺条件下代际合作和生殖竞争机会的特定年龄增长。
Human menopause is ubiquitous among women and is uninfluenced by modernity. In addition, it remains an evolutionary puzzle: studies have largely failed to account for diminishing selection on reproduction beyond 50 years. Using a 200-year dataset on pre-industrial Finns, we show that an important component is between-generation reproductive conflict among unrelated women. Simultaneous reproduction by successive generations of in-laws was associated with declines in offspring survivorship of up to 66%. An inclusive fitness model revealed that incorporation of the fitness consequences of simultaneous intergenerational reproduction between in-laws, with those of grandmothering and risks of dying in childbirth, were sufficient to generate selection against continued reproduction beyond 51 years. Decomposition of model estimates suggested that the former two were most influential in generating selection against continued reproduction. We propose that menopause evolved, in part, because of age-specific increases in opportunities for intergenerational cooperation and reproductive competition under ecological scarcity.