The effects of cigarette smoking on the salivary and tongue microbiome.
The effects of cigarette smoking on the salivary and tongue microbiome.
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DOI：
10.1002/cre2.489
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Hanioka T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Suzuki N;Nakano Y;Yoneda M;Hirofuji T;Hanioka T
有人认为吸烟会影响口腔微生物组，但其对龈下微生物组以外部位的影响仍不清楚。本研究调查了牙周健康成人中吸烟者和非吸烟者唾液和舌细菌群落的组成。研究人群包括50名健康成年人。通过16 S rRNA基因的条形码焦磷酸测序分析来鉴定静息唾液和舌苔的细菌组成。Brinkman指数（BI）用于计算终生吸烟暴露。使用t检验评价微生物组的丰富性和多样性。使用Mann-Whitney U检验评估吸烟者和非吸烟者之间细菌属比例的差异。用Pearson相关分析法对各属的比例与生物多样性指数之间的定量关系进行了评价。口腔微生物组的丰富性和多样性在唾液和舌头之间有显着差异，但在吸烟者和非吸烟者之间没有显着差异。吸烟者的唾液样本富含密螺旋体属和月形单胞菌属。吸烟者的舌样品富含小方言属和Atopobium属。唾液中的心杆菌属和舌头上的颗粒菌属与BI值呈负相关。另一方面，唾液中的密螺旋体属、奥里杆菌属、小方言杆菌属、Filifactor属、韦荣氏球菌属和月形单胞菌属以及舌上的小方言杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、巨球形菌属、Mitsuokella属和隐杆菌属与BI值呈正相关。牙周健康成人中吸烟者和非吸烟者的唾液和舌头微生物谱不同。与牙周炎和口腔恶臭相关的属在无牙周炎的吸烟者的唾液和舌头中占很高的比例，并且与终生吸烟暴露呈正相关。舌头可能是吸烟者口腔疾病相关病原体的储存库。
It has been suggested that smoking affects the oral microbiome, but its effects on sites other than the subgingival microbiome remain unclear. This study investigated the composition of the salivary and tongue bacterial communities of smokers and nonsmokers in periodontally healthy adults. The study population included 50 healthy adults. The bacterial composition of resting saliva and the tongue coating was identified through barcoded pyrosequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. The Brinkman index (BI) was used to calculate lifetime exposure to smoking. The richness and diversity of the microbiome were evaluated using the t‐test. Differences in the proportions of bacterial genera between smokers and nonsmokers were evaluated using the Mann–Whitney U test. The quantitative relationship between the proportions of genera and the BI was evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis. The richness and diversity of the oral microbiome differed significantly between saliva and the tongue but not between smokers and nonsmokers. The saliva samples from smokers were enriched with the genera Treponema and Selenomonas. The tongue samples from smokers were enriched with the genera Dialister and Atopobium. The genus Cardiobacterium in saliva, and the genus Granulicatella on the tongue, were negatively correlated with BI values. On the other hand, the genera Treponema, Oribacterium, Dialister, Filifactor, Veillonella, and Selenomonas in saliva and Dialister, Bifidobacterium, Megasphaera, Mitsuokella, and Cryptobacterium on the tongue were positively correlated with BI values. The saliva and tongue microbial profiles of smokers and nonsmokers differed in periodontally healthy adults. The genera associated with periodontitis and oral malodor accounted for high proportions in saliva and on the tongue of smokers without periodontitis and were positively correlated with lifetime exposure to smoking. The tongue might be a reservoir of pathogens associated with oral disease in smokers.