Characterizing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the United States and China.
Characterizing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the United States and China.
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描述美国和中国的艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行特征
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph13010030
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发表时间：
2015-12-22
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bond VC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huang MB;Ye L;Liang BY;Ning CY;Roth WW;Jiang JJ;Huang JG;Zhou B;Zang N;Powell MD;Liang H;Bond VC
中国和美国国家监测系统从1985年到2014年的艾滋病毒/艾滋病数据进行了比较，以确定两国艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行的特征。目前估计中国和美国的全国艾滋病毒感染率分别为0.0598%和0.348%。在美国，每年新感染艾滋病毒的人数保持相对稳定(每年约5万人)，近年来呈下降趋势。中国的艾滋病毒感染率仍然很低，新的艾滋病毒感染人数一直控制在较低水平(每年5万-10万人)。然而，自2012年以来，疫情呈上升趋势。按风险组划分，在这两个国家，男男性行为(MSM)、异性性行为和注射吸毒(IDU)是新的艾滋病毒感染最常见的传播方式。然而，在美国，男男性接触者是主要的传播途径，占新感染病例的60%；而在中国，异性恋现在已经成为主要的传播途径，也占新感染病例的60%。近年来，中国因男男性接触者感染艾滋病的比例迅速上升，而因吸毒而感染的比例明显下降，这意味着中国的疫情仍在演变中，在某种程度上复制了美国的经验。按年龄组划分，可归因于25-59岁年龄组的艾滋病毒病例比例在两国之间是相当的。然而，美国15-19岁和20-24岁年龄段的病例比例高于中国，这表明在美国年轻人感染的比例更高。另一个值得注意的事实是：在中国，50岁以上的人中新感染艾滋病毒的人数显著增加，这导致60-年龄段和中国65岁以上年龄段的病例比例远远高于美国。在美国，按种族/族裔划分，黑人/非裔美国人继续承受着最严重的艾滋病毒负担，其次是西班牙裔/拉丁裔。在中国，目前还没有关于种族/民族差异的官方数据。因此，地区、危险群体、年龄是影响两国HIV流行的重要因素。
The HIV/AIDS data from the national surveillance systems of China and the United States from 1985 to 2014 were compared to characterize the HIV/AIDS epidemic in both countries. The current estimated national HIV prevalence rate in China and the United States are 0.0598% and 0.348%, respectively. In the United States, the annual number of new HIV infections has remained relatively stable (~50,000 each year) and has shown a downward trend in recent years. The Chinese national HIV prevalence is still low, and new HIV infections have been contained at a low level (50,000–100,000 each year). However, the epidemic has showed an increasing trend since 2012. By risk group, in both countries, men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual sex, and injection drug use (IDU) are the most common modes of transmission of new HIV infections. However, in the United States, MSM is the dominant transmission route, accounting for >60% of new infections; whereas in China, heterosexual sex has now become the dominant route, also accounting for >60% of new infections. A rapid increase in the proportion of HIV cases that were attributed to MSM and an obvious decrease in the proportion of HIV cases attributed to IDU in China in recent years imply that the China’s epidemic is still evolving, to some extent, copying what was experienced in the United States. By age group, the proportions of HIV cases that were attributed to the age group 25–59 were comparable between the two countries. However, the United States had a higher proportion of cases that were attributed to age groups 15–19 and 20–24 than China, indicating that youth account for more infections in the United States. One other fact worth noting: in China there is a significant increase in the number of HIV new infections in individuals over 50 years of age, which results in much higher proportion of cases that were attributed to age groups 60–64 and over 65 in China than those in the United States. By race/ethnicity, in the United States, Blacks/African Americans continue to experience the most severe HIV burden, followed by Hispanics/Latinos. In China, no official data on race/ethnicity disparities are currently available. Thus, region, risk group, age are important factors in the HIV epidemics in both countries.