Human factors in aircraft incidents: results of a 7-year study.
Human factors in aircraft incidents: results of a 7-year study.
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飞机事故中的人为因素：7 年研究的结果。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Reynard Wd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Billings Ce;Reynard Wd
人为错误导致或促成了一半以上的航空事故。本报告描述了一项为期 7 年的飞机事故数据研究，旨在进一步加深我们对人为失误现象的理解。仅当事件构成总体或整体（而事故是其中的子集）时，将事件作为飞机事故替代物的研究才有意义。 NASA 航空安全报告系统对 1976-83 年间收集的 35,000 多份航空事故报告进行了研究，对这一假设进行了检验。三分之一的报告涉及飞机之间的冲突。飞行中最常见的单机异常包括高度或航迹偏差。最常见的管制员错误涉及未能与空中交通管制系统的其他要素协调交通。对这些报告的分析表明，可以识别导致人为错误的人为因素和系统因素。许多其他事件都涉及人的缺陷，而不是系统的缺陷。在这个系列中，控制失败很少见，但决策和座舱资源管理失败却很常见。无聊、自满和倦怠似乎是某些失败的根源，而其他失败则与极高的工作负载有关。这些数据表明，至少有几类涉及操作和人为因素的飞机事故实际上是包含相同要素的事故群体的子集。事件发生的环境对于决定其结果极其重要。结论是，航空事故报告是安全监督中必要且重要的工具。语言： 英语
Human error causes or contributes to considerably over half of all aviation mishaps. This report describes a 7-year study of aircraft incident data conducted in an attempt to further our understanding of the phenomenon of human error. The study of incidents as a surrogate for aircraft accidents is relevant only if incidents constitute a population or universe of which accidents are a subset. This assumption has been examined in a study of over 35,000 reports of aviation incidents collected from 1976-83 by the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System. One-third of the reports involve conflicts among aircraft. The most common single-aircraft anomalies in flight involve altitude or track deviations. The most common controller errors involve failure to coordinate traffic with other elements of the air traffic control system. Analysis of these reports indicates that both human and system factors contributing to human errors can be identified. Many other incidents involve shortcomings specifically of the human, rather than of the system. Failures of control are rare in this series, but failures of decision-making and cockpit resource management are frequent. Boredom, complacency and ennui appear to underlie some failures, while very high workloads are associated with others. These data indicate that at least several categories of aircraft accidents involving operational and human factors are, in fact, subsets of populations of incidents containing the same elements. The environment in which an incident occurs is extremely important in determining its outcome. It is concluded that aviation incident reports are a necessary and important instrument in safety surveillance. Language: en