Benefits and risks of exotic biological control agents
Benefits and risks of exotic biological control agents
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10526-011-9372-8
复制
发表时间：
2011-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Babendreier, Dirk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Clercq, Patrick;Mason, Peter G.;Babendreier, Dirk
在传统的和增强的生物控制计划中使用外来节肢动物已经产生了巨大的经济和生态效益。外来节肢动物物种有助于抑制农业和林业中的主要害虫，或有助于恢复受外来物种影响的自然系统。然而，在一些项目中观察到外来生物防治剂的不利非目标影响。非目标影响的范围从非常小的影响，例如在局部一级对非目标昆虫的2%寄生，到大规模的巨大影响。到目前为止，对于如何判断非目标效应的程度以及这些效应是可以容忍还是不可接受，尚未达成共识。在本文中，我们简要回顾了生物防治的好处以及相关的风险，包括人类和动物的健康，植物健康，特别是环境。我们还试图确定评估风险和平衡利益与风险的主要挑战。人们普遍认为，健全的风险评估程序之前，应释放外来的无脊椎动物生物控制剂和最近的转变，特别是节肢动物生物控制，从引进没有有意义的风险评估研究进行彻底的主机范围测试的项目可以观察到。但是，必须避免制定过于严格的条例，以免有希望的制剂无法开发。
The use of exotic (=alien) arthropods in classical and augmentative biological control programs has yielded huge economic and ecological benefits. Exotic species of arthropods have contributed to the suppression of key pests in agriculture and forestry or have aided in restoring natural systems affected by adventive species. However, adverse non-target effects of exotic biological control agents have been observed in a number of projects. Non-target effects range from very small effects, e.g. 2% parasitization on a non-target insect on a local level, to massive effects on a large scale. Until now, no consensus on how to judge the magnitude of non-target effects and whether these effects can be tolerated or are unacceptable has emerged. In this paper, we briefly review both the benefits of biological control as well as the associated risks including to human and animal health, plant health and particularly the environment. We also make an attempt at identifying the major challenges for assessing risks and for balancing benefits and risks. There is general agreement that sound risk assessment procedures should precede the release of exotic invertebrate biological control agents and a recent shift-especially for arthropod biological control-from introductions done without meaningful risk assessment studies to projects conducting thorough host range testing can be observed. However, overly stringent regulations that would preclude promising agents from being developed must be avoided.