Melanocortin receptor 1 and black pigmentation in the Japanese ornamental carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Koi).
Melanocortin receptor 1 and black pigmentation in the Japanese ornamental carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Koi).
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2013.00006
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
David L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bar I;Kaddar E;Velan A;David L
颜色及其图案是迷人的表型，对自然条件下的适应性非常重要。由于这个原因，也因为色素沉着与疾病有关，许多研究致力于研究动物色素沉着的遗传学。对家养动物的研究为我们理解颜色表型做出了相当大的贡献，这些动物在颜色性状上表现出令人眼花缭乱的变化。锦鲤品种，普通鲤鱼的观赏变种，是人类在进化时间尺度上很短的时间内选择的颜色变化的一个引人注目的例子。在几个色素沉着基因中，黑素蛋白受体1的遗传变异反复与许多动物的深色色素沉着表型相关。本研究从鲤鱼中克隆了黑素受体1。我们发现该基因的等位基因与锦鲤的黑色发育无关。然而，该基因的mRNA表达水平较高，在黑暗的色素沉着发展的幼虫和成鱼的深色色素组织，这表明该基因的调节变化与锦鲤的黑色。这些调节差异反映在深色色素沉着发展的时间和与之相关的两种黑色模式的不同遗传模式中。明确锦鲤颜色和花色的遗传基础，将有助于锦鲤这一珍贵观赏鱼的生产。此外，由于色彩和图案的丰富多样性，锦鲤是一个很好的模型，可以解开色素沉着基因及其表型效应，从而提高我们对自然种群中色彩遗传基础的理解。
Colors and their patterns are fascinating phenotypes with great importance for fitness under natural conditions. For this reason and because pigmentation is associated with diseases, much research was devoted to study the genetics of pigmentation in animals. Considerable contribution to our understanding of color phenotypes was made by studies in domesticated animals that exhibit dazzling variation in color traits. Koi strains, the ornamental variants of the common carp, are a striking example for color variability that was selected by man during a very short period on an evolutionary timescale. Among several pigmentation genes, genetic variation in Melanocrtin receptor 1 was repeatedly associated with dark pigmentation phenotypes in numerous animals. In this study, we cloned Melanocrtin receptor 1 from the common carp. We found that alleles of the gene were not associated with the development of black color in Koi. However, the mRNA expression levels of the gene were higher during dark pigmentation development in larvae and in dark pigmented tissues of adult fish, suggesting that variation in the regulation of the gene is associated with black color in Koi. These regulatory differences are reflected in both the timing of the dark-pigmentation development and the different mode of inheritance of the two black patterns associated with them. Identifying the genetic basis of color and color patterns in Koi will promote the production of this valuable ornamental fish. Furthermore, given the rich variety of colors and patterns, Koi serves as a good model to unravel pigmentation genes and their phenotypic effects and by that to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of colors also in natural populations.