Studies on the Association of the Ant Oecophylla longinoda (Latr.) (Formicidae) with the Scale Insect Saissetia zanzibarensis Williams (Coccidae).
Studies on the Association of the Ant Oecophylla longinoda (Latr.) (Formicidae) with the Scale Insect Saissetia zanzibarensis Williams (Coccidae).
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蚂蚁 Oecophylla longinoda (Latr.)（蚁科）与介壳虫 Saissetia zanzibarensis Williams（球虫科）的关系研究。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1954
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Way
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Way
蚂蚁Oecophylla longinoda（后）和蚧虫Saissetia zanzibarensis Williams之间存在着密切的联系。有几个因素导致在没有蚂蚁的情况下，这种鳞片很罕见。蜜露和烟霉的污染阻止了桑给巴尔棘球绦虫种群在相对较低水平上的增长，同时，昆虫寄生虫和可能的捕食者几乎消灭了这种鳞片。在潮湿的条件下，一种真菌寄生虫可以破坏被蜜露污染的桑给巴尔弧菌。伴随而来的长叶藻防止了蜜露对鳞片的污染。它对球菌类捕食者提供了绝对的保护，虽然不能阻止球菌寄生和Eublemma的捕食，但它们引起的桑给巴尔弧菌的死亡率被认为是微不足道的。O. longinoda工蜂在其他方面对桑给巴尔弧菌有益。它们从鳞状星团中清除碎片；它们把若虫运送到合适的觅食地点。当蚂蚁数量相对于规模较高时，这些好处的效果最为明显。在桑给巴尔棘球蚁群上建造的丝状庇护所在恶劣天气下保护蚂蚁，可能只是偶然地对鳞片有利。桑给巴尔棘球绦虫和其他产蜜露同翅目蝇是长叶棘球绦虫的主要食物来源。其他来源足以维持相对较低的蚂蚁数量。
A close association exists between the ant Oecophylla longinoda (Latr.) and the scale insect Saissetia zanzibarensis Williams. Several factors cause the scale to be rare in the absence of the ant. Contamination by honey-dew and sooty moulds prevents increase of the S. zanzibarensis population above a relatively low level, while, in addition, insect parasites and probably predators virtually exterminate the scale. A fungal parasite may destroy honey-dew-contaminated S. zanzibarensis under humid conditions. The attendant O. longinoda prevents contamination of the scale by honeydew. It gives absolute protection from Coccinellid predators and, although parasitism by Coccophagus spp. and predation by Eublemma spp. is not prevented, the mortality of S. zanzibarensis which they cause is thought to be of little significance. O. longinoda workers benefit S. zanzibarensis in other ways. They remove debris from the scale clusters; they transport the nymphs and establish them at suitable feeding sites. The effect of these benefits is most marked when the ant population is high relative to that of the scale. The silken shelters built by O. longinoda over S. zanzibarensis clusters protect the ant during adverse weather and may only incidentally benefit the scales. S. zanzibarensis and other honey-dew-producing Homoptera are the major food source for O. longinoda . Other sources are sufficient to maintain only relatively low populations of the ant.