A Connectionist Model of the Arabic Plural System
A Connectionist Model of the Arabic Plural System
复制标题
阿拉伯语复数系统的联结主义模型
DOI：
10.1080/016909697386691
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Nakisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Plunkett;R. Nakisa
连接主义对动词形态的解释主要集中在英语过去时的领域，其中默认过程（add/ed/）反映了语言中大多数形式采用的词缀过程。联结主义模型利用了英语规则动词和不规则动词在学习过去时和以默认方式回应新形式时的不平衡。并不是所有的选举系统都有默认的，这是语言中大多数形式的特征。阿拉伯语的复数系统被认为是这样一个系统，其中少数默认过程起作用——阿拉伯语中的“声音”复数只适用于词典中的少数形式，但它似乎对新名词起默认作用。我们对比了两种可能导致这种行为的默认过程，符号默认和分布默认。我们对阿拉伯语复数系统的音系相似结构进行了详细的分析，并得出结论，阿拉伯语单数名词的分布不太可能支持复数音的分布默认。然而，分类网络和模式关联网络在学习阿拉伯语复数和概括看不见的阿拉伯语名词方面表现得出奇地好。事实上，神经网络分类器的性能超过了符号混合“规则关联”模型的性能，即使后者被优化为正确的分类。我们得出结论，默认规则是多余的，因为仅通过阿拉伯语名词的音系空间中的相似结构就可以更准确地预测对新形式的概括。最后，我们提出了一套经验预测儿童习得阿拉伯语复数系统，源自网络模拟。
Connectionist accounts of in ectional morphology have focused on the domain of the English past tense in which the default process (add/ed/) re ects the process of suf xation adopted by the majority of forms in the language. Connectionist models exploit the imbalance between English regular and irregular verbs when learning the past tense and when responding to novel forms in a default fashion. Not all in ectional systems have a default which is characterised by a majority of forms in the language. The Arabic plural system has been cited as one such system where a minority default process operates—the “sound” plural in Arabic applies to only a minority of the forms in the lexicon, yet it appears to adopt the role of a default for novel nouns. We contrast two types of default process that might lead to this behaviour, a symbolic default and a distributional default. We provide a detailed analysis of the phonological similarity structure of the Arabic plural system and conclude that it is unlikely the distribution of singular Arabic nouns can support a distributional default for the sound plural. Nevertheless, classi cation networks and pattern association networks perform surprisingly well at the task of learning the Arabic plural and generalising to unseen Arabic nouns. In fact, the performance of a neural network classi er exceeds the performance of a symbolic hybrid “rule-associative” model even when the latter is optimised for correct classi cation. We conclude that the default rule is redundant, since generalisation to novel forms is more accurately predicted by the similarity structure in the phonological space of Arabic nouns alone. Finally, we present a set of empirical predictions for children’s acquisition of the Arabic plural system, derived from the network simulations.
影响因子：
9.5
作者：
G. Marcus;S. Pinker;M. Ullman;Michelle A. Hollander;T. Rosen;Fei Xu;H. Clahsen
通讯作者：
G. Marcus;S. Pinker;M. Ullman;Michelle A. Hollander;T. Rosen;Fei Xu;H. Clahsen