Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives
Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives
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DOI：
10.1038/nplants.2016.22
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
18
通讯作者：
Toll, Jane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Castaneda-Alvarez, Nora P.;Khoury, Colin K.;Toll, Jane
驯化作物的野生近缘种具有遗传多样性，有助于培育产量更高、营养更丰富、抗灾能力更强的作物品种。然而，它们的保护状况和可利用性是一个令人关注的问题，并且尚未在全球范围内量化。本文利用从生物多样性、植物标本馆和基因库数据库中收集的发生信息，对81种作物的1076个分类群的全球分布进行了建模。我们将这些分布中包含的潜在地理和生态多样性与目前基因库中可获得的多样性进行比较，作为估计遗传多样性保护的全面性的一种手段。我们的研究结果表明，作物野生近缘的多样性在基因库中表现不佳。与63种作物相关的313个分类群（占总数的29.1%）没有种质资源，257个分类群（23.9%）的种质资源不足10个。超过70%的分类群被确定为进一步收集的高优先级，以提高其在基因库中的代表性，超过95%的分类群在其本地分布的地理和生态变异方面没有充分的代表性。最严重的收集缺口出现在地中海和近东、西欧和南欧、东南亚和东亚以及南美洲。我们的结论是，需要系统的努力来改善作物野生近缘的保护和利用，以供植物育种使用。
The wild relatives of domesticated crops possess genetic diversity useful for developing more productive, nutritious and resilient crop varieties. However, their conservation status and availability for utilization are a concern, and have not been quantified globally. Here, we model the global distribution of 1,076 taxa related to 81 crops, using occurrence information collected from biodiversity, herbarium and gene bank databases. We compare the potential geographic and ecological diversity encompassed in these distributions with that currently accessible in gene banks, as a means to estimate the comprehensiveness of the conservation of genetic diversity. Our results indicate that the diversity of crop wild relatives is poorly represented in gene banks. For 313 (29.1% of total) taxa associated with 63 crops, no germplasm accessions exist, and a further 257 (23.9%) are represented by fewer than ten accessions. Over 70% of taxa are identified as high priority for further collecting in order to improve their representation in gene banks, and over 95% are insufficiently represented in regard to the full range of geographic and ecological variation in their native distributions. The most critical collecting gaps occur in the Mediterranean and the Near East, western and southern Europe, Southeast and East Asia, and South America. We conclude that a systematic effort is needed to improve the conservation and availability of crop wild relatives for use in plant breeding.