Integrated Hardware Garbage Collection

Integrated Hardware Garbage Collection
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集成硬件垃圾收集

DOI:
10.1145/3450147
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
García A
García A
中科院分区:
计算机科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
García A

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垃圾收集编程语言,如Python和C#,加速了软件开发。这些现代语言提高了生产力和软件可靠性,因为它们提供了高级数据表示和控制结构。现代语言被广泛用于移动的、桌面和服务器设备的软件开发,但在实时嵌入式系统中的应用有限。随着物联网等新兴市场对产品的需求越来越智能和可靠,在嵌入式设备中支持现代语言显然是一件很有意义的事情。多个商业和开源项目,如Zerynth和MicroPython,正在尝试提供支持。但是这些项目依赖于软件垃圾收集器,这些垃圾收集器会带来很高的开销,并引入不可预测的暂停,从而阻止了它们在许多嵌入式应用程序中的使用。这些限制来自于传统处理器不适合执行有效的,可预测的垃圾收集。我们提出了集成硬件垃圾收集器(IHGC),一个垃圾收集器紧密耦合的处理器,在后台连续运行。此外,我们引入了一个静态分析技术,以保证实时程序永远不会暂停收集器。我们的设计分配一个内存周期的收集器时,处理器不使用内存。IHGC通过仔细地将收集工作划分为与处理器的存储器访问交错的单个存储器访问步骤来实现这一点。因此,我们的收集器消除了运行时的开销,并使实时程序分析成为可能。IHGC背后的原则可以与现有的体系结构结合使用。例如,我们模拟了IHGC和ARMv 6-M架构。与传统的处理器相比,我们的实验表明,IHGC提供了1.5-7倍更好的性能依赖于垃圾收集的程序。IHGC提供了垃圾收集语言的优点,具有实时性能,但没有软件收集器固有的复杂性和开销。
Garbage collected programming languages, such as Python and C#, have accelerated software development. These modern languages increase productivity and software reliability as they provide high-level data representation and control structures. Modern languages are widely used in software development for mobile, desktop, and server devices, but their adoption is limited in real-time embedded systems.There is clear interest in supporting modern languages in embedded devices as emerging markets, like the Internet of Things, demand ever smarter and more reliable products. Multiple commercial and open-source projects, such as Zerynth and MicroPython, are attempting to provide support. But these projects rely on software garbage collectors that impose high overheads and introduce unpredictable pauses, preventing their use in many embedded applications. These limitations arise from the unsuitability of conventional processors for performing efficient, predictable garbage collection.We propose the Integrated Hardware Garbage Collector (IHGC); a garbage collector tightly coupled with the processor that runs continuously in the background. Further, we introduce a static analysis technique to guarantee that real-time programs are never paused by the collector. Our design allocates a memory cycle to the collector when the processor is not using the memory. The IHGC achieves this by careful division of collection work into single-memory-access steps that are interleaved with the processor’s memory accesses. As a result, our collector eliminates run-time overheads and enables real-time program analysis.The principles behind the IHGC can be used in conjunction with existing architectures. For example, we simulated the IHGC alongside the ARMv6-M architecture. Compared to a conventional processor, our experiments indicate that the IHGC offers 1.5–7 times better performance for programs that rely on garbage collection. The IHGC delivers the benefits of garbage-collected languages with real-time performance but without the complexity and overheads inherent in software collectors.
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