Occurrence and fate of macrolide antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants and in the Glatt Valley Watershed, Switzerland
Occurrence and fate of macrolide antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants and in the Glatt Valley Watershed, Switzerland
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DOI：
10.1021/es034368i
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发表时间：
2003-12-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Giger, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McArdell, CS;Molnar, E;Giger, W
基于固相萃取和LC/MS分析以及LC/MS/MS结构确认，建立了一种测定处理后废水和环境水中大环内酯类抗生素的分析方法。在污水处理厂（WWTPs）中，大环内酯类抗生素仅部分被去除，因此可以进入水生环境。在瑞士三个污水处理厂（克拉霉素、罗红霉素和红霉素- h2o）的处理后出水中，发现了红霉素的主要降解产物。最丰富的克拉霉素反映了大环内酯类抗生素的消费模式。处理过的污水处理厂出水夏季克拉霉素浓度在57至330纳克/升之间变化。Kloten-Opfikon污水处理量的季节差异显示，冬季的负荷是夏季的2倍。Kloten-Opfikon污水处理厂出水中红霉素- h2o的丰度较高，这可以解释为由于集水区有瑞士主要国际机场而导致的不同消费模式。在格拉特河，克拉霉素的浓度高达75纳克/升。经处理的污水和Glatt河谷流域河水的质量通量测定显示，36公里河段的克拉霉素消除量微不足道(
An analytical method was developed for determining macrolide antibiotics in treated wastewater effluents and in ambient water based on solid-phase extraction and LC/MS analysis as well as on LC/MS/MS for structural confirmation, In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) macrolides are only partly eliminated and can therefore reach the aquatic environment, In treated effluents from three WWTPs in Switzerland, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and erythromycin-H2O, the main degradation product of erythromycin, were found. The most abundant, clarithromycin, reflects the consumption pattern of macrolide antibiotics. Summer concentrations of clarithromycin varied between 57 and 330 ng/L in treated WWTP effluents. In the WWTP Kloten-Opfikon seasonal differences revealed a load two times higher in winter than in summer. The higher abundance of erythromycin-H2O in the effluent of WWTP Kloten-Opfikon can be explained by distinct consumption patterns due to the main international airport of Switzerland in the catchment area. In the Glatt River clarithromycin reached concentrations of up to 75 ng/L. Mass flux determinations in treated effluents and in river water in the Glatt Valley watershed showed that elimination of clarithromycin along the river stretch of 36 km is insignificant (