A unified framework for coordination of thermostatically controlled loads
A unified framework for coordination of thermostatically controlled loads
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DOI：
10.1016/j.automatica.2023.111002
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发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Austin R. Coffman;A. Bušić;P. Barooah
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文献类型：
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作者：
Austin R. Coffman;A. Bušić;P. Barooah
恒温控制负载（TCL）的集合-例如空调-可以在限制内改变其功耗，以帮助电网的平衡机构维持供需平衡。这样做需要负载协调它们的开/关决策，使得总功耗跟踪电网提供的参考。与此同时，每个消费者的服务质量（QoS）必须得到维护。虽然存在关于TCL协调的大量工作，但是它们不提供关于参考跟踪性能或QoS维护的保证，并且它们不提供计算用于TCL集合的功率需求的合适参考信号的手段。在这项工作中，我们提供了一个框架，解决这两个弱点。该框架使得能够协调任意数量的TCL，其：（i）在计算上是高效的，（ii）在具有局部反馈和低通信的TCL处是可实现的，以及（iii）使得能够通过集合进行参考跟踪，同时确保在每个TCL处始终满足温度和循环约束。该框架基于马尔可夫模型，该模型通过对Malhame和Chong（1985）早期工作中导出的一对福克-普朗克方程进行离散化而获得。然后，我们使用这个模型来设计随机策略的TCL。平衡机构向所有TCL广播相同的策略，并且每个TCL实现该策略，该策略仅需要本地测量来做出开/关决定。仿真结果提供支持这些索赔。Matlab的实现是公开的。
A collection of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) – such as air conditioners – can vary their power consumption within limits to help the balancing authority of a power grid maintain demand supply balance. Doing so requires loads to coordinate their on/off decisions so that the aggregate power consumption tracks a grid-supplied reference. At the same time, each consumer’s quality of service (QoS) must be maintained. While there is a large body of work on TCL coordination, they do not provide guarantees on the reference tracking performance or QoS maintenance, and they do not provide a means to compute a suitable reference signal for power demand of a collection of TCLs. In this work we provide a framework that addresses these two weaknesses. The framework enables coordination of an arbitrary number of TCLs that: (i) is computationally efficient, (ii) is implementable at the TCLs with local feedback and low communication, and (iii) enables reference tracking by the collection while ensuring that temperature and cycling constraints are satisfied at every TCL at all times. The framework is based on a Markov model obtained by discretizing a pair of Fokker–Planck equations derived in earlier work by Malhame and Chong (1985). We then use this model to design randomized policies for TCLs. The balancing authority broadcasts the same policy to all TCLs, and each TCL implements this policy which requires only local measurement to make on/off decisions. Simulation results are provided to support these claims. Matlab implementation is made publicly available.