Main characteristics of the boundary layer macrofauna in the English Channel
Main characteristics of the boundary layer macrofauna in the English Channel
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英吉利海峡边界层大型动物群的主要特征
DOI：
10.1023/a:1003982815291
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
S. Zouhiri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Dauvin;C. Vallet;P. Mouny;S. Zouhiri
1988年至1996年期间，采用改良Macer-GIROQ雪橇进行了432次海底拖曳。从罗斯科夫和普利茅斯沃茨到多佛海峡，包括莫莱湾、圣布里厄湾、塞纳湾和塞纳河口，对英吉利海峡内的15个地点进行了采样。根据这些数据阐明了英吉利海峡底栖边界层（BBL）大型底栖动物的主要特征。在取样的整个水柱（10-150米）都发现了生物边界层大型底栖动物。首先，收集的物种数量非常高（五次拖运多达116种），但塞纳河口除外。从数量上看，糠虾是用雪橇收集的生物的主要类群，其次是端足类、单足类、等足类和十足类。在塞纳河河口，特别是在中盐区和寡盐区（最大值>216000 ind. 100 m-3; >200 g AFDW 100 m-3），其中专门的糠虾Neomysis integer和Mesopodopsis slabberi出现在非常高的丰度。在其他站点，丰度和生物量中等（100-10000 ind. 100 m-3; 15-2000 mg AFDW 100 m-3）。当采集到糠虾或片足类的蚁群时，以及在片足类的繁殖期间，如6月在莫莱湾，浮游生物的数量达到最大。物种数、丰度和生物量在所有地点都表现出季节性变化，一般来说，冬季或春季最低，秋季最高。对于公海场址，确定了两个主要的地理梯度：i）春季，海峡西部的物种数量高于海峡东部，秋季，海峡东部的物种数量高于海峡西部，春季密度梯度由西向东逐渐增大，秋季密度梯度由西向东逐渐减小。该海峡的底栖动物群是一个独特的群落，包括三种物种：（i）在所有时间和地点都很常见的游泳能力强的物种：如Anchialina agilis，Gastrosoccus spp.，单柱线虫和Aperusa spp.，(ii)仅在夜间存在于所有地点的物种：例如Atylus vedlomensis、Megaluropus agilis、Melphipidella macra、Orchomenella nana、Pseudocuma longicornis、Schistomysis ornata和Synchelidium maculatum，以及iii）仅在夜间在一个或有限数量的地点收集的物种：例如Ampelisca spp.在Pierre Noire和Diastylis spp.地点F。塞纳河口是一个典型的底栖河口群落。底栖动物的元素也表现出显着的日常节奏，这取决于所考虑的物种采取几种形式。
Four hundred and thirty two suprabenthic hauls with a modified Macer-GIROQ sledge were taken over the period 1988–1996. Fifteen sites within the English Channel were sampled from the Roscoff and Plymouth waters to the Dover Strait, including the Bay of Morlaix, Bay of Saint Brieuc, the Bay of Seine and the Seine Estuary. The main characteristics of the Benthic Boundary Layer (BBL) macrofauna in the English Channel were elucidated from these data. BBL macrofauna was found over the whole water column sampled (10–150 m). Firstly, the number of species collected was very high (up to 116 species for five hauls) except in the Seine estuary. Numerically, mysids were the dominant group of organisms collected with the sledge, followed by amphipods, cumaceans, isopods and decapods. Abundance and biomass of the fauna were very high in the Seine estuary, especially in the mesohaline and oligohaline zones (maximum >216000 ind. 100 m-3; >200 g AFDW 100 m-3) where the specialised mysids Neomysis integer and Mesopodopsis slabberi occurred in very high abundance. At other sites, the abundance and biomass were moderate (100–10000 ind. 100 m-3; 15–2000 mg AFDW 100 m-3). Abundance reached its maximum when mysids or swarms of amphipods of the genus Apherusa were collected, and during the reproduction of the amphipods of the genus Ampelisca, as in June in the Bay of Morlaix. The number of species, abundance and biomass showed seasonal changes in all sites with, in general, lowest values in winter or spring, and highest values in autumn. For the open sea sites, two main geographical gradients were identified: i) in spring, a higher number of species in the western part of the Channel compared with the eastern part of the Channel and, in autumn, a higher number of species in the eastern part of the Channel compared with the western part, and ii) an increasing density gradient from west to east at spring and a decreasing gradient from west to east during the autumn. The suprabenthic fauna of the Channel can be considered as a unique community including three kinds of species: (i) good swimmer species which were common at all the time and all sites: e.g. Anchialina agilis, Gastrosaccus spp., Haplostylus spp. and Apherusa spp., (ii) species present at all sites only at night: e.g. Atylus vedlomensis, Megaluropus agilis, Melphipidella macra, Orchomenella nana, Pseudocuma longicornis, Schistomysis ornata and Synchelidium maculatum, and iii) species collected at one or a limited number of sites only at night: e.g. Ampelisca spp. at Pierre Noire and Diastylis spp. at site F. The Seine estuary supports a typical suprabenthic estuarine community. Elements of the suprabenthic fauna also showed significant daily rhythms which took several forms depending on the species under consideration.