Recycling of nutrient-loaded biochars produced from agricultural residues as soil promoters for Gomphrena growth
Recycling of nutrient-loaded biochars produced from agricultural residues as soil promoters for Gomphrena growth
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DOI：
10.1088/1755-1315/463/1/012099
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发表时间：
2020-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Wongrod;A. Watcharawittaya;S. Vinitnantharat
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Wongrod;A. Watcharawittaya;S. Vinitnantharat
生物质炭因其高比表面积和对土壤养分的缓释能力而被认为是一种潜在的土壤改良剂。然而，在生活用水处理后将生物炭再循环用于农业应用仍然不为人所知。因此，本研究研究的营养负载的生物炭产生的农业剩余物后，运河水处理作为土壤促进千日红生长的作用。分别在窑（~378 °C）（即分别为CC、CH、CS和RS）和热解反应器（500 °C）（即分别为CC-P、CH-P、CS-P和RS-P）中生产玉米芯、椰子壳、椰子壳和稻草衍生的生物炭。进一步用壳聚糖对CH生物炭进行改性，以改善其表面性质（标记为CHC）。实验室和中试规模处理后的CH和CHC生物炭分别标记为CH柱、CHC柱、CH中试和CHC中试。将负载和未负载的生物炭分别以0.4%、0.7%和1%的质量比添加到养殖底泥和壤土中，以促进千日红的生长。从结果来看，与对照处理相比，在土壤和沉积物中添加生物炭显著提高了Gomphrena的种子萌发率。在土壤和沉积物中添加0.4%的RS，在所有生物炭中表现出最高的苗高（~2.5 cm），这与其在高浓度下向溶液中释放的K+、PO 43-和NO3 −一致。与CH-柱1.0%生物炭修订沉积物中的千日红的增长是卸载生物炭，表明加载的生物炭可以提供营养物质，而不会伤害植物。此外，壳聚糖改性诱导更高的植物生长在沉积物与CHC柱1.0%比未改性的生物炭修正。CH-pilot和CHC-pilot生物炭在沉积物中的最大幼苗高度分别为3.5和4.2 cm，也提高了千日红的发芽率。这可能是由于CH-中试和CHC-中试生物炭释放N（NH 4+，NO3-）和总磷的能力分别为0.106和0.111 mgN/L，0.770和0.637 mgP/L。本研究表明，负载养分的生物炭可以通过逐步释放养分来维持土壤肥力，从而促进农业剩余物的循环利用。
Biochar has been recognized as a potential media for soil amendment regarding its high surface area and retention capacity to slowly release nutrients to soils. However, the recycling of biochar after domestic water treatment towards agricultural application is still not well known. Therefore, this research studied the role of nutrient-loaded biochars produced from agricultural residues after canal water treatment as soil promoters for Gomphrena growth. Corncob, coconut husk, coconut shell and rice straw derived biochars were separately produced in a kiln (~378 °C) (namely CC, CH, CS and RS, respectively) and a pyrolysis reactor (500 °C) (namely CC-P, CH-P, CS-P and RS-P, respectively). The CH biochar was further modified with chitosan to improve its surface properties (labeled as CHC). The CH and CHC biochars after canal water treatment at lab and pilot scales are labeled as CH-column, CHC-column, CH-pilot and CHC-pilot, respectively. The loaded and unloaded biochars were further added in aquaculture sediment and loamy soil at 0.4, 0.7 and 1% mass ratio for Gomphrena growth. From the results, biochars amended in soil and sediment significantly improved seed germinations of Gomphrena, compared to control treatments. RS 0.4% amended in soil and sediment showed the highest seedling height (~2.5 cm) among all biochars, in accordance with its releases of K+, PO4 3- and NO3 − into solution at high concentrations. Gomphrena growth in sediment amended with CH-column 1.0% biochar was comparable to unloaded biochar, indicating that loaded biochar can provide nutrients without harming the plant. In addition, chitosan modification induced higher plant growth in sediment amended with CHC-column 1.0% than with unmodified biochar. Gomphrena germination was also improved in CH-pilot and CHC-pilot biochars amended in sediments with maximum seedling heights of 3.5 and 4.2 cm, respectively. This is likely due to the abilities of CH-pilot and CHC-pilot biochars to release N (NH4 +, NO3 −) and total P of 0.106 and 0.111 mgN/L, and 0.770 and 0.637 mgP/L, respectively. This study revealed that the nutrient-loaded biochars can be used to sustain soil fertility through gradual releases of nutrients and thus promote the recycling of agricultural residues.