NEW WORLD PHOLCID SPIDERS (ARANEAE: PHOLCIDAE): A REVISION AT GENERIC LEVEL
NEW WORLD PHOLCID SPIDERS (ARANEAE: PHOLCIDAE): A REVISION AT GENERIC LEVEL
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DOI：
10.1206/0003-0090(2000)254
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Huber
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文献类型：
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作者：
B. Huber
摘要新大陆药典在属水平上进行了修订，重点放在南美洲。新大陆共有现存属47种，其中22属为新记述。提出了新大陆属的初步检索表。对11属59种进行了重新描述，其中106种为新记述种。3个通用名称和14个具体名称是新的同义词(见下文)。用61个分类单元(其中48个是新大陆藻类)和61个形态特征进行了数值分支分析。分析的主要结果如下：(1)Pholcids被认为是一个单系群。(2)Pholcids被分成以下支系，作为一个工作假说，暂定命名以强调它们的特征：“19ines”，“pholcines”(Metagonia Simon和Pholcus group Sensu Huber)，“holocnemines”(Holocnemus group Sensu Timm，Artema Walckenaer，Physcyclus Simon，和Priscula Simon)，以及“New World Clade”。它们之间的相互关系并没有得到最终解决。(3)新大陆藻类是该科所有主要支系的代表的集合，但大多数属是新大陆支系的一部分，这是唯一局限于新大陆的支系。(4)对54个性状中的41个提出了性状进化转化假说。下列名称为新异名：Anomalaia González-Sponga，1998，与Metagonia Simon，1893；Blechroscelis Simon，1893，与Priscula Simon，1893；Myrmidonella Berland，1919，与Ninetis Simon，1890；Blechroscelis Blue uleus(Keyserling，1891)，与Corysocnemis[Now Mesabolivar]togatus(Keyserling，1891)；Blechroscelis irroratus Mello-Leitão，1947，Psiloclus Brown ningi Roewer，1951，和Blliroscelresviello-Leitão，1947，与Blechroscelis[现Mesabolivar]toacus(Mello-Leitão，1930)；Blechroscelis viris，1947，与Lolivus[Now]兰州斑潜蝇[Priscula venezuelana Simon，1893年]；亚伯拉罕·梅洛-莱特奥(Litporus Abrahami Mello-Leitão，1947，与Corysocnemis[今Litporus]uncatus(Simon，1893)；球形球囊小孔虫Simon，1893，Litopus occineus imbecillus(Keyserling，1891年)；黄褐小孔菌Litporus fulvus Moenkhaus，1898，与小孔藻[Mesabolivar]luteus(Keyserling，1891年)；Micromerococentaris(Mello-Leitão，1929)，与Micropholroti(Simon，1893年)；球状小孔虫Litopus occineus Simon，1893(Simon，1887)；Pitopus fulvus Moenkhaus，1898，与Pitopulus[Now Mesabolivar]luteus(Keyserling，1891)；Micromerococentalis(Mello-Leit，1929)，与Micropholauroti(Simon，1887)；Pitopus fulvus moenkhaus，1918Physcyclus dubius Mello-Leitão，1922，与Physcle clus lobosus(Taczanowski，1874)。
Abstract New World pholcids are revised at the generic level, with an emphasis on South America. A total of 47 extant genera occur in the New World, 22 of which are newly described. A preliminary key to the genera of the New World is presented. Redescriptions are given for 11 genera and for 59 species, and 106 species are newly described. Three generic names and 14 specific names are newly synonymized (see below). A numerical cladistic analysis is performed using a matrix of 61 taxa (48 of them New World pholcids) and 61 morphological characters. The main results of the analysis are as follows: (1) Pholcids are strongly supported as a monophyletic group. (2) Pholcids are separated into the following clades, which are tentatively named to emphasize their character as a working hypothesis: “ninetines,” “pholcines” (Metagonia Simon and the Pholcus group sensu Huber), “holocnemines” (Holocnemus group sensu Timm, Artema Walckenaer, Physocyclus Simon, and Priscula Simon), and the “New World clade.” Their interrelationships are not definitively resolved. (3) New World pholcids are an assemblage of representatives of all major clades within the family, but most genera are part of the New World clade, which is the only clade restricted to the New World. (4) A hypothesis concerning the evolutionary transformation of characters is given for 41 of the 54 traits scored that vary among pholcids. The following names are newly synonymized: Anomalaia González-Sponga, 1998, with Metagonia Simon, 1893; Blechroscelis Simon, 1893, with Priscula Simon, 1893; Myrmidonella Berland, 1919, with Ninetis Simon, 1890; Blechroscelis coeruleus (Keyserling, 1891), with Coryssocnemis [now Mesabolivar] togatus (Keyserling, 1891); Blechroscelis irroratus Mello-Leitão, 1947, Psilochorus browningi Roewer, 1951, and Blechroscelis virescens Mello-Leitão, 1947, with Blechroscelis [now Mesabolivar] aurantiacus (Mello-Leitão, 1930); Blechroscelis viridis Mello-Leitão, 1918, with Litoporus [now Mesabolivar] brasiliensis (Moenkhaus, 1898); Hypsorinus conwayi Mello-Leitão, 1947, with Priscula binghamae (Chamberlin, 1916); Priscula ranchograndensis González-Sponga, 1996, with Priscula venezuelana Simon, 1893; Litoporus abrahami Mello-Leitão, 1947, with Coryssocnemis [now Litoporus ] uncatus (Simon, 1893); Litoporus coccineus Simon, 1893, Litoporus imbecillus (Keyserling, 1891), and Litoporus fulvus Moenkhaus, 1898, with Litoporus [now Mesabolivar] luteus (Keyserling, 1891); Micromerys occidentalis (Mello-Leitão, 1929), with Micropholcus fauroti (Simon, 1887); Pholcus dubiomaculatus Mello-Leitão, 1918, with Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775); Physocyclus dubius Mello-Leitão, 1922, with Physocyclus globosus (Taczanowski, 1874).