The underlying molecular conservation and diversification of dioecious flower and leaf buds provide insights into the development, dormancy breaking, flowering, and sex association of willows
The underlying molecular conservation and diversification of dioecious flower and leaf buds provide insights into the development, dormancy breaking, flowering, and sex association of willows
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雌雄异株的花和叶芽的潜在分子保护和多样化为了解柳树的发育、休眠打破、开花和性别关联提供了见解
DOI：
10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.044
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Shenkui Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiaoxue Ye;Xijuan Zhao;Yajun Sun;Meijiao Zhang;Shuang Feng;Aimin Zhou;Wenwu Wu;Shurong Ma;Shenkui Liu
花芽和叶芽作为爆发生长的先兆，通常表现出相似的表面形态，但不同的结构和功能变化。雌雄异株植物进一步产生四种类型的雌花/雄花/叶芽（FFB，FLB，MFB和MLB），显示出复杂的调节。然而，人们对其潜在的分子机制知之甚少。在这里，我们将木本雌雄异株Salixlinearistipulatum研究其形态特征和潜在的分子机制相结合的细胞学，生理学，物候学和转录数据集。首先，FFB和MFB具有同时的发展动态，FLB和MLB也是如此。有趣的是，FLB和MLB表现出非常相似的表达谱，为光合作用和胁迫耐受性做准备，而FFB和MFB表现出很大的相似性，但也有显著的性别差异。比较花芽和叶芽从休眠复苏后，显示不同的冷和春化反应基因（如SliVRN 1，SliAGL 19，和SliAGL 24），这意味着不同的编程过程之间的休眠打破芽。除SliAP 3外，ABCDE模式基因的表达与其在芽中的作用一致，表明雌雄异株柳树和两性花拟南芥花发育的保守机制。最后，考虑到柳属染色体上的性别相关基因（如SliCLE 25、SliTPS 21和SliARR 9）和其他报道，我们假设柳属和杨属最后祖先的15和19号染色体上存在性别决定的动态模型，而柳属分化后的进化则在15号染色体上。总之，我们的研究提供了新的见解雌雄异株的四种类型的芽的分子机制，显示参与其发展，打破休眠，开花和性协会的基因。
As harbingers of bursting growth, flower buds and leaf buds generally show similar surface morphologies but different structural and functional changes. Dioecious plants further generate four types of Female/Male Flower/Leaf Buds (FFB, FLB, MFB, and MLB), showing a complex regulation. However, little is known about their underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we exemplify the woody dioeciousSalixlinearistipularisto investigate their morphological characteristics and potential molecular mechanisms by combining cytological, physiological, phenological, and transcriptomic datasets. First, FFB and MFB have simultaneous development dynamics and so do FLB and MLB. Interestingly, FLB and MLB show very similar expression profiles preparing for photosynthesis and stress-tolerance, whereas FFB and MFB show great similarities but also striking sexual differences. Comparing flower buds and leaf buds after their revival from dormancy shows different cold- and vernalization-responsive genes (e.g. SliVRN1, SliAGL19,andSliAGL24), implying different programming processes for dormancy breaking between the buds. Moreover, exceptSliAP3, the expression of ABCDE model genes is consistent with their roles in the buds, suggesting a conserved mechanism of flower development between dioeciousSalixand hermaphrodite Arabidopsis. Finally, considering sex-associated genes (e.g. SliCLE25, SliTPS21,andSliARR9) onSalixchromosomes and other reports, we hypothesize a dynamic model of sex determination on chromosomes 15 and 19 in the last ancestor ofSalixand Populus but evolutionarily on 15 inSalixafter their divergence. Together, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of dioecious four-type buds by showing the genes involved in their development, dormancy breaking, flowering, and sexual association.