A Research Strategy for Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal and Sequestration
A Research Strategy for Ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal and Sequestration
复制标题
海洋二氧化碳去除和封存的研究策略
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Veneman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tjitske Berends;S. Boerma;J. Doornebal;B. Dikkeschei;C. Stegeman;T. Veneman
截至2021年，大气中的二氧化碳（CO2）水平已达到历史上前所未有的水平，高于过去80万年来的任何时候。化石燃料燃烧、农业和历史土地利用变化等人类活动造成的二氧化碳排放量增加，大大超过了大自然从大气中清除二氧化碳的能力。全世界通过建立一个更有效、无碳的能源系统来减少排放的努力可能不足以稳定气候和避免气候变化的最严重影响。二氧化碳去除（CDR），有时也被称为负排放技术，可能需要实现全球目标，即与工业化前水平相比，将升温限制在2° C以下，正如巴黎协定所确立的那样。2019年，美国国家科学院发布了一份报告，提出了一个研究议程，以推进各种基于陆地和沿海的CDR方法，特别是评估其效益、风险和可持续规模潜力。该研究发现，为了实现气候目标，可能需要某种形式的CDR，以便在世纪中期之前每年去除大约10 Gt CO2，在世纪末之前每年去除20 Gt CO2。为了帮助实现这一目标，该报告确定了四种可以大规模部署的陆基减少碳排放办法：造林/再造林、改变森林管理、农业土壤的吸收和储存以及具有碳捕获和储存的生物能源，其依据是以低于100美元/吨二氧化碳的成本消除碳的潜力。本报告以2019年的报告为基础，评估了目前已知的六项具体的海洋CDR战略的效益、风险和负责任扩大规模的潜力，这些战略包括赞助商ClimateWorks基金会确定的生态和技术概念。报告介绍了为增进对这些方法的理解和弥补知识差距所需开展的研究。由此产生的研究议程旨在为公众，利益相关者和政策制定者提供一个改进的和公正的知识基础，以便就海洋CDR的下一步做出明智的决定，作为更大的气候减缓战略的一部分;它并不意味着锁定或倡导任何特定的方法。
As of 2021, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels have reached historically unprecedented levels, higher than at any time in the past 800,000 years. The increase in CO2 emissions from human activities such as fossil fuel burning, agriculture, and historical land-use change greatly exceeds the ability of nature to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Worldwide efforts to reduce emissions by creating a more efficient, carbon-free energy system may not be enough to stabilize the climate and avoid the worst impacts of climate change. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR), sometimes referred to as negative emissions technologies, likely will be needed to meet the global goal of limiting warming to well below 2° degrees C, compared to pre-industrial levels, as established by the Paris Agreement. In 2019, the National Academies published a report that laid out a research agenda for advancing a variety of landand coastal-based CDR approaches and specifically, for assessing their benefits, risks, and sustainable scale potential. The study found that, to meet climate goals, some form of CDR will likely be needed to remove roughly 10Gt CO2/yr by mid-century and 20Gt CO2/yr by the end of the century. To help meet that goal, the report identified four land-based CDR approaches ready for large-scale deployment: afforestation/reforestation, changes in forest management, uptake and storage by agricultural soils, and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, based on thepotential to remove carbon at costs below $100/t of CO2. This report builds on the 2019 report to assess what is currently known about the benefits, risks, and potential for responsible scale-up of six specific oceanbased CDR strategies that include both ecological and technological concepts as identified by the sponsor, ClimateWorks Foundation. It describes the research needed to advance understanding of those approaches and address knowledge gaps. The resulting research agenda is meant to provide an improved and unbiased knowledge base for the public, stakeholders, and policymakers to make informed decisions on the next steps for ocean CDR, as part of a larger climate mitigation strategy; it is not meant to lock in or advocate for any particular approach.