Blood lead levels and risk factors in young children in France, 2008-2009
Blood lead levels and risk factors in young children in France, 2008-2009
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.10.002
复制
发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Le Tertre, Alain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Etchevers, Anne;Bretin, Philippe;Le Tertre, Alain
背景：近年来，由于禁止使用含铅汽油，儿童接触铅的情况有所减少。然而，铅接触仍然是一个公共健康问题，因为没有观察到毒性阈值，即使在低水平下也显示出认知影响。因此，必须更新接触评估。2008-2009年进行了一项全国性研究，以确定法国6个月至6岁儿童的血铅水平（BLL）分布。我们还评估了环境factors.Methods的贡献：这一横断面调查包括3831名儿童在医院招募。进行两阶段概率抽样，并按医院和法国地区分层。记录社会人口学特征，并通过问卷调查收集血液样本和环境数据。采用广义线性模型和分位数回归分析方法对BLL与环境危险因素之间的关系进行定量分析。几何平均BLL为14.9 μ g/l（95%置信区间（CI）= [14.5-15.4]）和0.09%的儿童（95% CI = [0.03-0.151]）的BLL超过100 μ g/l，1.5%（95% CI = [0.9-2.1]）超过50 μ g/l。法国各地区之间仅观察到轻微差异。与BLL显著相关的环境因素包括：家中自来水的消耗量、铅服务连接、油漆剥落或旧房屋最近的装修、手口行为、被动吸烟以及母亲出生在经常使用铅的国家。在法国1至6岁的儿童中，与美国和其他欧洲国家一样，铅暴露在过去15年中有所减少。尽管如此，仍有76，000名儿童的BLL超过50 μ g/l，必须采取预防政策，特别是要记住没有已知的毒性阈值。(c)2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Background: The exposure of children to lead has decreased in recent years, thanks notably to the banning of leaded gasoline. However, lead exposure remains a matter of public health concern, because no toxicity threshold has been observed, cognitive effects having been demonstrated even at low levels. It is therefore important to update exposure assessments. A national study was conducted, in 2008-2009, to determine the blood lead level (BLL) distribution in children between the ages of six months and six years in France. We also assessed the contribution of environmental factors.Methods: This cross-sectional survey included 3831 children recruited at hospitals. Two-stage probability sampling was carried out, with stratification by hospital and French region. Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded, and blood samples and environmental data were collected by questionnaire. Generalized linear model and quantile regression were used to quantify the association between BLL and environmental risk factors.Results: The geometric mean BLL was 14.9 ,mu g/I (95% confidence interval (CI)= [14.5-15.4]) and 0.09% of the children (95% Cl = [0.03-0.151) had BLLs exceeding 100 mu g/l, 1.5% (95% CI = [0.9-2.1] exceeding 50 mu g/l. Only slight differences were observed between French regions. Environmental factors significantly associated with BLL were the consumption of tap water in homes with lead service connections, peeling paint or recent renovations in old housing, hand-mouth behavior, passive smoking and having a mother born in a country where lead is often used.Conclusions: In children between the ages of one and six years in France, lead exposure has decreased over the last 15 years as in the US and other European countries. Nevertheless still 76,000 children have BLL over 50 mu g/I and prevention policies must be pursued, especially keeping in mind there is no known toxicity threshold. (c) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.