Negative-Control Exposures: Adjusting for Unmeasured and Measured Confounders With Bounds for Remaining Bias.
Negative-Control Exposures: Adjusting for Unmeasured and Measured Confounders With Bounds for Remaining Bias.
复制标题
阴性对照暴露:调整未测量和测量的混杂因素以及剩余偏差的界限。
DOI:
10.1097/ede.0000000000001650
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Flanders,WDana
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Flanders,WDana
Negative-control exposures can be used to detect and even adjust for confounding that remains after control of measured confounders. A newly described method allows the analyst to reduce residual confounding by unmeasured confounders U by using negative-control exposures to define and select a subcohort wherein the U-distribution among the exposed is similar to that among the unexposed. Here, we show that conventional methods can be used to control for measured confounders in conjunction with the new method to control for unmeasured ones. We also derive an expression for bias that remains after applying this approach. We express remaining bias in terms of a “balancing” parameter and show that this parameter is bounded by a summary variational distance between the U-distribution in the exposed and the unexposed. These measures describe and bound the extent of remaining confounding after using negative controls to adjust for unmeasured confounders with conventional control of measured confounders.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
Wang Miao;E. Tchetgen
通讯作者:
E. Tchetgen
DOI:
10.1016/0021-9681(85)90109-2
发表时间:
1985-01-01
期刊:
JOURNAL OF CHRONIC DISEASES
影响因子:
--
作者:
WILCOSKY, TC;CHAMBLESS, LE
通讯作者:
CHAMBLESS, LE
影响因子:
3.3
作者:
Shi X;Miao W;Tchetgen ET
通讯作者:
Tchetgen ET
DOI:
10.1016/0021-9681(87)90106-8
发表时间:
1987-01-01
期刊:
JOURNAL OF CHRONIC DISEASES
影响因子:
--
作者:
FLANDERS, WD;RHODES, PH
通讯作者:
RHODES, PH
影响因子:
2.7
作者:
Miao W;Geng Z;Tchetgen Tchetgen E
通讯作者:
Tchetgen Tchetgen E