Long-Term Trends in Motor Vehicle Emissions in US Urban Areas
Long-Term Trends in Motor Vehicle Emissions in US Urban Areas
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es401034z
复制
发表时间：
2013-09-03
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Harley, Robert A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McDonald, Brian C.;Gentner, Drew R.;Harley, Robert A.
采用基于燃料的方法来估计机动车辆一氧化碳排放量的长期趋势（1990-2010年）。非甲烷碳氢化合物（NMHC）估计使用环境NMHC/CO的比例后，控制非车辆来源。1990年至2010年间，尽管燃料使用量增加了10- 40%，但在洛杉矶、休斯顿和纽约市，道路车辆的CO排放量减少了80-90%。在洛杉矶，随着时间的推移，NMHC/CO的比率为0.24 +/- 0.04 mol C/mol CO，这表明两种污染物以相似的速率减少，并通过类似的排放控制措施得到改善，而其他城市的道路数据表明，NMHC与CO排放量的减少速率可能有所不同。1990年至2007年期间，由于乘用汽车与柴油卡车的相对排放率发生变化，CO/NOx（氮氧化物= NO + NO2）和NMHC/NOx的排放比下降了约4倍，此后略有上升，在所有考虑的城市地区一致。由于（1）汽油车辆的CO和NMHC排放量的下降速度放缓以及（2）柴油机NOx排放控制方面的重大进展，预计这些污染物比率在未来几年将增加。
A fuel-based approach is used to estimate long-term trends (1990-2010) in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from motor vehicles. Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) are estimated using ambient NMHC/CO ratios after controlling for nonvehicular sources. Despite increases in fuel use of similar to 10-40%, CO running exhaust emissions from on-road vehicles decreased by similar to 80-90% in Los Angeles, Houston, and New York City, between 1990 and 2010. The ratio of NMHC/CO was found to be 0.24 +/- 0.04 mol C/mol CO over time in Los Angeles, indicating that both pollutants decreased at a similar rate and were improved by similar emission controls, whereas on-road data from other cities suggest rates of reduction in NMHC versus CO emissions may differ somewhat. Emission ratios of CO/NOx (nitrogen oxides = NO + NO2) and NMHC/NOx decreased by a factor of similar to 4 between 1990 and 2007 due to changes in the relative emission rates of passenger cars versus diesel trucks, and slight uptick thereafter, consistent across all urban areas considered here. These pollutant ratios are expected to increase in future years due to (1) slowing rates of decrease in CO and NMHC emissions from gasoline vehicles and (2) significant advances in control of diesel NOx emissions.