An evaluation of pop-up satellite tags for estimating postrelease survival of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) from a recreational fishery
An evaluation of pop-up satellite tags for estimating postrelease survival of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) from a recreational fishery
复制标题
对弹出式卫星标签的评估，用于估计休闲渔业中蓝马林鱼（Makaira nigricans）释放后的存活率
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发表时间：
2002
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通讯作者：
E. Prince
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作者：
J. Graves;B. Luckhurst;E. Prince
黑马林鱼(Makaira Nigricans)栖息于热带上层环境，是一种重要的商业和渔业资源，在整个热带渔业中都很容易受到远洋娱乐资源的影响。在热带和亚热带海域，并不是所有的旗鱼都死了。在大西洋的延绳钓上捕获(拉回)的时间，蓝色马林鱼渔具；来自船上观察员的数据在委内瑞拉工业延绳钓种群中作为单一的、覆盖整个海洋的数据进行管理。在对渔业的最新评估表明，约49%的蓝大西洋蓝马林鱼(大西洋金枪鱼养护委，2001年)，这种马林鱼是由远洋延绳钓渔具研究常设委员会捕获的，并且在捕获时是活的(JackStatistics(SCRS)of the International Son and Farber，1998)。大西洋金枪鱼养护委员会(ICCAT)估计，1997年要求各国将目前大西洋蓝枪鱼的上岸量减少25%，约为1996年最大上岸量所需生物量的40%。最大可持续产量(MSY)。此外，大西洋金枪鱼养护委还建议，评估表明，食典委考虑要求所有捕捞的活嘴鱼的当前捕捞死亡率水平(F)大约是钓线渔具的四倍(大西洋金枪鱼养护委，1997年，2001年)。它是FMSY，近年来的渔获量水平认为，这样的管理年数是平季的两倍以上，将更容易被海洋产量接受，比起过度捕捞种群的整体减少或下降，它对毛皮国家的贡献更大。在延绳钓作业中，这也将以最新的种群为基础，评估目标物种的渔获量。然而，捕鱼导致的死亡率必须下降，来自几个国家的代表指出，种群数量正在下降(古德伊尔，2000)。没有足够的数据来估计捕捞后的鱼种数量最大的比目鱼(Istiolis)死亡的原因是延绳钓意外渔获量的建议对养护造成的影响不能用于金枪鱼和旗鱼(ICBE评估)。事实上，低回收率(CAT，1997,2001)。这些与保守主义物种一起标记和释放的高度偏头痛的比目鱼，共同出现在娱乐和商业渔民的亚热带传统标记中(<；2%；Jones和Prince，1998；Ortiz等人，1998)，这与高的捕捞后死亡率是一致的。然而，诸如标签脱落和没有报告标签重新捕获等因素也可以解释标签回报率低的原因(Bayley和Prince，1994；Jones和Prince，1998)。显然，需要数据来支持或驳斥这样的假设，即放生活的旗鱼将显著消除蓝马林鱼的捕捞死亡率(Graves等人1)。声学跟踪研究旨在调查比目鱼的生理和行为，为了解比尔鱼在休闲渔具上的生存提供了洞察力。具体地说，在声迹过程中观察和推断的死亡率表明，并不是所有释放的比目鱼都存活(Pepperell和Davis，1999年回顾)。不幸的是，由于几个原因，无法从以前的声学跟踪研究中估计长嘴鱼捕捞后的死亡率水平。首先，由于船舶和人员的时间成本很高，在声学跟踪研究中调查的动物相对较少。其次，由于海洋状况可能会迅速恶化，许多声迹的持续时间不到12小时，因此观察12小时后死亡的机会有限。第三，人们在不同的条件下捕获并跟踪了比目鱼，这使得交叉研究比较变得困难。最后，声学研究对死后死亡率的估计可能有偏差，因为在某些情况下，只选择健康的鱼来携带声学发射器。弹出式卫星标签技术的发展可能为估计比目鱼的死后死亡率提供了一种可能的手段。虽然相对昂贵的弹出式卫星标签减少了使用跟踪船进行跟踪的需要
Blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) repand tropical epipelagic environment, resent an important commercial and and all are vulnerable to the pelagic recreational resource throughout troplongline. Not all billfish are dead at the ical and subtropical oceanic waters. time of capture (haulback) on longline In the Atlantic Ocean, blue marlin gear; data from observers on vessels are managed as a single, oceanwide in the Venezuelan industrial longline stock. In the most recent assessment of fishery indicate that about 49% of blue Atlantic blue marlin (ICCAT, 2001), the marlin caught on pelagic longline gear Standing Committee for Research and are alive at the time of capture (JackStatistics (SCRS) of the International son and Farber, 1998). Commission for the Conservation of To reduce billfish mortality ICCAT in Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) estimated the 1997 required nations to reduce their current biomass of blue marlin to be landings of Atlantic blue marlin by 25% about 40% of that required for maxifrom 1996 levels. Furthermore, the IC mum sustainable yield (MSY). FurtherCAT SCRS has recommended that the more, the assessment indicated that Commission consider requiring the re the current level of fishing mortality lease of all live billfish taken on long (F) was about four times higher than line gear (ICCAT, 1997, 2001). It is FMSY and that catch levels in recent believed that such a management mea years were more than twice the equisure would be more acceptable to mem librium yield, contributing to a furber nations than an overall reduction ther decline of the overexploited stock. in longline effort that would also reBased on the most recent stock assessduce catches of target species. How ment, fishing-induced mortality must ever, representatives from several na be reduced by about 60% to halt the tions have pointed out that there are decline of the stock (Goodyear, 2000). not sufficient data to estimate postreThe greatest source of billfish (Istiolease survival of billfish; therefore the phoridae) mortality occurs as a result conservation impact of a recommenda of incidental catches by longline gear tion requiring live released fish cannot deployed for tunas and swordfish (ICbe evaluated. In fact, low recovery rates CAT, 1997, 2001). These highly migraof billfish tagged and released with tory species co-occur in the subtropical conventional tags by recreational and commercial fishermen (<2%; Jones and Prince, 1998; Ortiz et al, 1998) are con sistent with high postrelease mortality. However, factors such as tag shedding and failure to report tag recaptures could also account for low rates of tag returns (Bayley and Prince, 1994; Jones and Prince, 1998). Clearly, data are needed to support or refute the hypothe sis that the release of live billfish would significantly eliminate fishing mortali ty of blue marlin (Graves et al.1). Acoustic tracking studies designed to investigate billfish physiology and behavior have provided insights into the postrelease survival of billfish tak en on recreational gear. Specifically, ob served and inferred mortalities during the course of the acoustic tracks indi cate that not all released billfish sur vive (reviewed in Pepperell and Davis, 1999). Unfortunately, it is not possible to estimate levels of postrelease mor tality of billfish from previous acoustic tracking studies for several reasons. First, owing to the high cost of ship and personnel time, relatively few ani mals have been investigated in acous tic tracking studies. Second, because ocean conditions can deteriorate quick ly, many of the acoustic tracks were for less than 12 hours duration, pro viding a limited opportunity to ob serve mortality after 12 hours. Third, billfish were caught and subsequently tracked under a variety of conditions, making cross-study comparisons diffi cult. Finally, an estimate of postrelease mortality rates resulting from acoustic studies may be biased because in some cases only healthy fish were selected to carry acoustic transmitters. The development of pop-up satellite tag technology may present a possible means to estimate postrelease mortali ty of billfish. Although relatively expen sive pop-up satellite tags reduce the need to use a tracking vessel to follow