Why marine phytoplankton calcify.
Why marine phytoplankton calcify.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1501822
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发表时间：
2016-07
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Ridgwell A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Monteiro FM;Bach LT;Brownlee C;Bown P;Rickaby RE;Poulton AJ;Tyrrell T;Beaufort L;Dutkiewicz S;Gibbs S;Gutowska MA;Lee R;Riebesell U;Young J;Ridgwell A
颗石藻中的钙化具有高能量需求，但带来了多种好处，使生态和形式的多样性。钙化的海洋植生体-颗石藻-是海洋中最成功但神秘的生物之一，正面临全球变化的威胁。为了更好地了解它们将如何受到影响，我们需要知道“为什么”颗石藻钙化。我们回顾了球石藻的进化历史和细胞生物学，以及最近的实验的见解，以提供一个关键的评估钙化的成本和效益。我们的结论是，钙化有很高的能量需求，颗石藻最初可能钙化，以减少放牧压力，但额外的好处，如保护免受光损伤和病毒/细菌的攻击，进一步解释了他们的高多样性和广谱生态。这些特性的成本效益方面说明了新的生态系统建模，虽然结论性的意见仍然有限。在未来的海洋中，不断变化的钙化的生态和生理成本及其效益之间的权衡将最终决定这一重要群体如何受到海洋酸化和全球变暖的影响。
Calcification in coccolithophores has high energy demand but brings multiple benefits enabling diversity of ecology and form. Calcifying marine phytoplankton—coccolithophores— are some of the most successful yet enigmatic organisms in the ocean and are at risk from global change. To better understand how they will be affected, we need to know “why” coccolithophores calcify. We review coccolithophorid evolutionary history and cell biology as well as insights from recent experiments to provide a critical assessment of the costs and benefits of calcification. We conclude that calcification has high energy demands and that coccolithophores might have calcified initially to reduce grazing pressure but that additional benefits such as protection from photodamage and viral/bacterial attack further explain their high diversity and broad spectrum ecology. The cost-benefit aspect of these traits is illustrated by novel ecosystem modeling, although conclusive observations remain limited. In the future ocean, the trade-off between changing ecological and physiological costs of calcification and their benefits will ultimately decide how this important group is affected by ocean acidification and global warming.