Experimental pyrethroid treatment underestimates the effects of ectoparasites in cavity-nesting birds due to toxicity
Experimental pyrethroid treatment underestimates the effects of ectoparasites in cavity-nesting birds due to toxicity
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由于毒性，实验性拟除虫菊酯治疗低估了空巢鸟类中体外寄生虫的影响
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Moreno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jimena López;Alejandro Cantarero;L. Pérez‐Rodríguez;Antonio Palma;J. Moreno
巢居体外寄生虫可能会导致成本的雏鸟的腔巢在妥协的增长和条件之前，羽翼丰满。减少或消除巢外寄生虫以研究其对禽类宿主的影响，可以通过物理方法（如热处理）或通过使用杀虫剂的化学方法进行。拟除虫菊酯是后者中最常用的，尽管一些研究表明它们可能会损害鸟类的发育和未来生存。在这项研究中，在西班牙中部进行，我们分析了一组熏蒸的斑姬鹬Ficedula hypoleuca巢和热处理组之间的差异，这两个呈现外寄生虫免费这些治疗。我们还比较了这些无外寄生虫的巢与自然外寄生虫负荷的对照组。我们的目的是测试拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对成年雌性和雏鸟的生殖成功、育儿行为和身体状况的可能影响。我们还确定了治疗对生化生物标志物总谷胱甘肽（tGSH）水平的影响，该水平参与了外源性物质的解毒，并被认为是最重要的细胞内抗氧化剂。虽然行为变量不受治疗的影响，结果显示，轻3日龄雏鸡和较短的跗骨和翅膀的雏鸟前不久，在熏蒸的巢，连同耗尽的tGSH水平的女性和雏鸟。在体外寄生虫负荷降低实验中，拟除虫菊酯熏蒸可能会引入与毒性相关的非预期系统变异性，导致低估体外寄生虫对禽类宿主的影响。
Nest-dwelling ectoparasites may result in costs for nestlings of cavity nesters in terms of compromised growth and condition before fledging. The reduction or elimination of nest ectoparasites to study their effects on avian hosts can be conducted through physical methods such as heat-treatment or through chemical methods using insecticides. Pyrethroids are the most frequently used of the latter, although some studies have shown that they may compromise the development and future survival of birds. In this study conducted in central Spain we analysed the differences between a group of fumigated Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca nests and a heat-treated group, both rendered ectoparasitefree by these treatments. We also compared these ectoparasite-free nests with a control group with natural ectoparasite loads. Our aim was to test the possible effects of a pyrethroid-based insecticide on reproductive success, parental care behaviours and body condition of adult females and nestlings. We also determined the effects of treatment on a biochemical biomarker, the total glutathione (tGSH) level, involved in detoxification of xenobiotics and considered the most important intracellular antioxidant. Although behavioural variables were not affected by treatment, results showed lighter 3-day-old chicks and shorter tarsi and wings in nestlings shortly before fledging in fumigated nests, together with depletion of tGSH levels in both females and nestlings. Fumigation with pyrethroids in ectoparasite load reduction experiments may introduce undesired systematic variability associated with toxicity, leading to underestimation of the effects of ectoparasites on avian hosts.