Activation and stabilization of enzymes in ionic liquids
Activation and stabilization of enzymes in ionic liquids
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DOI：
10.1039/b926130c
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Goto, Masahiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moniruzzaman, Muhammad;Kamiya, Noriho;Goto, Masahiro
室温离子液体作为一种环境友好的“绿色”溶剂，在生物催化反应和过程中作为溶剂或（共）溶剂已经有十多年的历史。酶在离子液体中的应用可以大大提高其技术应用，而不是在传统的有机溶剂或其天然的水性反应介质中。事实上，绿色性质和独特的定制物理化学性质的组合使得离子液体成为用于酶催化的优异的非水溶剂，具有优于其他溶剂的许多优点，包括高转化率、高选择性、更好的酶稳定性以及更好的可回收性和可再循环性。然而，在许多情况下，特别是在亲水性离子液体中，与常规溶剂相比，酶显示出相对不稳定性和/或较低的活性。为了提高酶的活性以及在离子液体中的稳定性，已经通过改变酶的形式进行了各种尝试。实例是通过吸附或多点附着将酶固定到支持材料上，在稳定剂存在下冻干，用稳定剂进行化学修饰，形成交联的酶聚集体，用极性有机溶剂或与合适的表面活性剂组合的酶进行预处理以形成微乳液。这些酶制剂在离子液体中的应用可以显著提高溶剂耐受性，增强活性和稳定性，并改善对映体选择性。这种观点强调了一些明显的策略，成功地用于激活和稳定的酶在非水离子液体介质。这篇综述并不打算是全面的，而是提出了一个潜在的方法来激活酶的各种酶的过程和生物转化的IL的一般概述。
As environmentally benign "green" solvents, room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) have been used as solvents or (co) solvents in biocatalytic reactions and processes for a decade. The technological utility of enzymes can be enhanced greatly by their use in ionic liquids (ILs) rather than in conventional organic solvents or in their natural aqueous reaction media. In fact, the combination of green properties and unique tailor-made physicochemical properties make ILs excellent non-aqueous solvents for enzymatic catalysis with numerous advantages over other solvents, including high conversion rates, high selectivity, better enzyme stability, as well as better recoverability and recyclability. However, in many cases, particularly in hydrophilic ILs, enzymes show relative instability and/or lower activity compared with conventional solvents. To improve the enzyme activity as well as stability in ILs, various attempts have been made by modifying the form of the enzymes. Examples are enzyme immobilization onto support materials via adsorption or multipoint attachment, lyophilization in the presence of stabilizing agents, chemical modification with stabilizing agents, formation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates, pretreatment with polar organic solvents or enzymes combined with suitable surfactants to form microemulsions. The use of these enzyme preparations in ILs can dramatically increase the solvent tolerance, enhance activity as well as stability, and improve enantioselectivity. This perspective highlights a number of pronounced strategies being used successfully for activation and stabilization of enzymes in non-aqueous ILs media. This review is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to present a general overview of the potential approaches to activate enzymes for diverse enzymatic processes and biotransformations in ILs.