Effective Petroleum Source Rocks of the World: Stratigraphic Distribution and Controlling Depositional Factors
Effective Petroleum Source Rocks of the World: Stratigraphic Distribution and Controlling Depositional Factors
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DOI：
10.1306/0c9b2a47-1710-11d7-8645000102c1865d
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发表时间：
1992-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
H. Klemme;G. Ulmishek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Klemme;G. Ulmishek
六个地层段，代表显生界时间的三分之一，含有石油源岩，提供了世界上已发现的原始石油和天然气储量的90%以上(以桶油当量计算)。这六个层序是(1)志留系(占全球储量的9%)，(2)上泥盆统-图尔奈统(占储量的8%)，(3)宾夕法尼亚-下二叠统(占储量的8%)，(4)上侏罗统(占储量的25%)，(5)中白垩统(占储量的29%)，(6)渐新世-中新世(占储量的12.5%)。这种烃源岩在时间上的不均匀分布没有表现出明显的旋回性，控制烃源岩形成的因素随层段的不同而不同。为这项研究准备了显示相、构造形式和石油源岩的地图。对地图的分析表明，几个主要因素控制着源岩的面积分布、它们的地球化学类型及其有效性(即这些岩石产生的原始可采石油和天然气储量)。这些因素包括地质时代、沉积区的古纬度、生油岩沉积的构造形式和生物群的演化。这些源岩的成熟时间表明，已发现的油气大多很年轻；世界原始油气储量的近70%是在科尼亚纪生成的，近50%的全球石油储量是在渐新世以来生成和圈闭的。本研究中使用的术语“石油”包括石油、天然气凝析油和天然气，但不包括沥青和其他固体和半固体石油衍生品。
Six stratigraphic intervals, representing one-third of Phanerozoic time, contain petroleum source rocks that have provided more than 90% of the world's discovered original reserves of oil and gas (in barrels of oil equivalent). The six intervals are (1) Silurian (generated 9% of the world's reserves), (2) Upper Devonian-Tournaisian (8% of reserves), (3) Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian (8% of reserves), (4) Upper Jurassic (25% of reserves), (5) middle Cretaceous (29% of reserves), and (6) Oligocene-Miocene (12.5% of reserves). This uneven distribution of source rocks in time displays no obvious cyclicity and the factors that controlled the formation of source rocks vary from interval to interval. Maps that show facies, structural forms, and petroleum source rocks were prepared for this study. Analysis of the maps indicates that several primary factors controlled the areal distribution of source rocks, their geochemical type, and their effectiveness (i.e., the amounts of discovered original conventionally recoverable reserves of oil and gas generated by these rocks). These factors are geologic age, paleolatitude of the depositional areas, structural forms in which the deposition of source rocks occurred, and the evolution of biota. The maturation time of these source rocks demonstrates that the majority of discovered oil and gas is very young; almost 70% of the world's original reserves of oil and gas has been generated since the Coniacian, and nearly 50% of the world's petrole m has been generated and trapped since the Oligocene. The term "petroleum" as used in this study includes oil, gas-condensate, and gas, but does not include bitumen and other solid and semisolid oil derivatives.