Sustained susceptibility of pink bollworm to Bt cotton in the United States.
Sustained susceptibility of pink bollworm to Bt cotton in the United States.
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DOI：
10.4161/gmcr.20329
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Carriere, Yves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tabashnik, Bruce E;Morin, Shai;Carriere, Yves
害虫抗性的进化会降低转基因作物的效益，转基因作物会产生苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）毒素来控制昆虫。世界上最重要的棉花害虫之一，红铃虫（棉红铃虫），已成为控制的目标，转基因棉花产生Bt毒素Cry 1Ac在几个国家超过十年。在中国，对Cry 1Ac的抗性频率有所增加，但尚未报道控制失败。在印度西部，红铃虫对Cry 1Ac的抗性导致Bt棉花的广泛控制失败。相比之下，在美国西南部的亚利桑那州，来自生物测定和DNA筛选的监测数据表明，对Cry 1Ac的敏感性持续了16年。从1996-2005年来看，非Bt棉庇护所的丰富、抗性的隐性遗传、抗性的适合度代价和不完全抗性是造成亚利桑那州棉花抗性延迟的主要因素。从2006年到2011年，亚利桑那州的避难所数量大大减少，而作为多策略根除计划的一部分，大规模释放不育的粉红色棉铃虫蛾以延迟抗性。亚利桑那州红铃虫对Bt棉的持续易感性为红铃虫根除计划和棉花害虫综合治理提供了基石。减少对红铃虫和其他棉花害虫的杀虫剂使用，为种植者带来了经济效益，以及广泛的环境和健康效益。我们鼓励加大努力，将联合收割机Bt作物与其他害虫综合治理方案相结合。
Evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the benefits of transgenic crops that produce toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for insect control. One of the world's most important cotton pests, pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), has been targeted for control by transgenic cotton producing Bt toxin Cry1Ac in several countries for more than a decade. In China, the frequency of resistance to Cry1Ac has increased, but control failures have not been reported. In western India, pink bollworm resistance to Cry1Ac has caused widespread control failures of Bt cotton. By contrast, in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States, monitoring data from bioassays and DNA screening demonstrate sustained susceptibility to Cry1Ac for 16 y. From 1996-2005, the main factors that delayed resistance in Arizona appear to be abundant refuges of non-Bt cotton, recessive inheritance of resistance, fitness costs associated with resistance and incomplete resistance. From 2006-2011, refuge abundance was greatly reduced in Arizona, while mass releases of sterile pink bollworm moths were made to delay resistance as part of a multi-tactic eradication program. Sustained susceptibility of pink bollworm to Bt cotton in Arizona has provided a cornerstone for the pink bollworm eradication program and for integrated pest management in cotton. Reduced insecticide use against pink bollworm and other cotton pests has yielded economic benefits for growers, as well as broad environmental and health benefits. We encourage increased efforts to combine Bt crops with other tactics in integrated pest management programs.