Time Urgency and the Type A Coronary‐Prone Behavior Pattern1
Time Urgency and the Type A Coronary‐Prone Behavior Pattern1
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时间紧迫性和 A 型冠状动脉易感行为模式1
DOI：
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发表时间：
1974
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Hollis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. C. Glass;M. L. Snyder;J. Hollis
进行了两个实验，以检查时间紧迫感的行为后果，这可能是个人分类为表现出所谓的“A型”冠状动脉倾向的行为模式的特征。实验一表明，时间紧迫的A型SS是可靠的成功比noncoronary-prone的“B型”在执行任务需要一个低的反应率的强化（DRL）。A型不仅无法延迟他们的反应;在DRL表现中，他们还比B型表现出更大的紧张和多动症迹象。实验二将这些结果扩展到人际领域。当两种类型的学生在共同决策任务中努力达成一个解决方案的过程中被系统地放慢速度时，时间紧迫的学生比不那么紧迫的学生变得更加不耐烦和愤怒。根据A-B层面的概念对结果进行了讨论，认为这反映了对环境控制的不同期望和需要。为支持这一做法，还提出了其他证据。还考虑了可能的生理机制介导的心理变量之间的关系，如A型模式和冠心病的实际发生。
Two experiments were conducted to examine behavioral consequences of a sense of time urgency, which presumably characterizes individuals classified as manifesting a so-called “Type A” coronary-prone behavior pattern. Experiment I indicated that time-urgent Type A Ss were reliably less successful than noncoronary-prone “Type Bs” in performing a task requiring a low rate of response for reinforcement (DRL). Type As were not only unable to delay their responses; they also showed greater evidence of tension and hyperactivity than Type Bs during DRL performance. Experiment II extended these results to the interpersonal domain. Time-urgent Ss became more impatient and irritated than less urgent Ss when both types were systematically slowed down in their efforts to reach a solution on a joint decision-making task. The results were discussed in terms of a conceptualization of the A-B dimension as reflecting differential expectations of and needs for environmental control. Additional evidence was presented in support of this approach. Consideration was also given to possible physiologic mechanisms mediating the relationship between psychological variables such as the Type A pattern and actual occurrence of coronary heart disease.