Theoretical observations about life's basic tendencies.
Theoretical observations about life's basic tendencies.
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关于生命基本倾向的理论观察。
DOI：
10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1959.13.3.561
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发表时间：
1959
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Charlotte Buhler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charlotte Buhler
当今关于生命基本倾向的理论游走于两个极端之间。一个极端的代表是那些把个人看作一个整体的人，因为他们假定某些基本原则渗透到人的有机和精神存在中。Kurt Goldstein是这一群体的杰出代表，他认为自我实现是整个个体的主要基本倾向(1)。他甚至从生物学的角度来考虑价值的概念。另一个极端的代表是那些认为生物因素不能预先决定方向、目标，尤其是个人追求的价值观的人。虽然没有一个观点是如此激进地表述出来的，但有些观点往往接近于这种极端。文化和环境对人类行为的组织影响及其对人类发展的激励作用给他们留下了深刻的印象。
Present-day theories of life’s basic tendencies move between two extremes. One extreme is represented by those who conceive of the individual as a whole, in that they postulate certain basic prin ciples which permeate man’s organic, as well as his mental exist ence. Kurt Goldstein, an outstanding representative of this group, considers self-realization as the main basic tendency of the whole individual (1). He even considers the concept of values in terms of biologic aspects. 2The other extreme is represented by those who feel that biologic factors in no way predetermine direction, goal, and least of all values pursued by individuals. Although no view is actually stated this radically, some often come close to such an extreme. They are strongly impressed by the organizing influences that culture and environment exercise on human behavior, and by their motivating powers on human development.