Not all risks are equal: the risk taking inventory for high-risk sports.
Not all risks are equal: the risk taking inventory for high-risk sports.
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并非所有风险都是平等的：高风险运动的风险清单。
DOI：
10.1123/jsep.35.5.479
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
A. Macgregor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Woodman;M. Barlow;C. Bandura;Miles Hill;Dominika Kupciw;A. Macgregor
尽管高风险运动参与者通常被认为是同质的冒险人群，但高风险领域内对风险的态度可能有很大差异。由于没有经过验证的措施允许研究人员评估该领域内的风险承担，因此我们在四项研究中验证了高风险运动的风险承担量表（RTI）。 RTI 包含涉及两个因素的七个项目：故意冒险和预防行为。在研究 1 (n = 341) 中，通过探索性方式使用的验证性因素分析对清单进行了细化和测试。随后的三项研究通过另外三项单独的验证性因素分析证实了 RTI 的良好模型数据拟合。在研究 2 (n = 518) 和研究 3 (n = 290) 中，同时有效性也通过与其他相关特征（感觉寻求、行为激活、行为抑制、冲动、自尊、外向性和责任心）的关联得到了证实。在研究 4 (n = 365) 中，预测有效性通过与高风险领域的平均事故和平均险情的关联得到了证实。最后，在研究 4 中，自我报告版本的清单与知情人版本的清单显着相关。该措施将使研究人员和从业者能够将冒险行为作为一个变量进行调查，该变量在概念上不同于参与高风险运动。
Although high-risk sport participants are typically considered a homogenous risk-taking population, attitudes to risk within the high-risk domain can vary considerably. As no validated measure allows researchers to assess risk taking within this domain, we validated the Risk Taking Inventory (RTI) for high-risk sport across four studies. The RTI comprises seven items across two factors: deliberate risk taking and precautionary behaviors. In Study 1 (n = 341), the inventory was refined and tested via a confirmatory factor analysis used in an exploratory fashion. The subsequent three studies confirmed the RTI's good model-data fit via three further separate confirmatory factor analyses. In Study 2 (n = 518) and in Study 3 (n = 290), concurrent validity was also confirmed via associations with other related traits (sensation seeking, behavioral activation, behavioral inhibition, impulsivity, self-esteem, extraversion, and conscientiousness). In Study 4 (n = 365), predictive validity was confirmed via associations with mean accidents and mean close calls in the high-risk domain. Finally, in Study 4, the self-report version of the inventory was significantly associated with an informant version of the inventory. The measure will allow researchers and practitioners to investigate risk taking as a variable that is conceptually distinct from participation in a high-risk sport.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00575.x
发表时间：
1991-08-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
NAGOSHI, CT;WILSON, JR;RODRIGUEZ, LA
通讯作者：
RODRIGUEZ, LA
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
BAUMEISTER, RF;HEATHERTON, TF;TICE, DM
通讯作者：
TICE, DM