Molecular signaling in bioengineered tissue microenvironments
Molecular signaling in bioengineered tissue microenvironments
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb03068.x
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Heidaran, MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bottaro, DP;Liebmann-Vinson, A;Heidaran, MA
生物组织和器官由排列在复杂的结构和功能框架内的特化活细胞组成，通常称为细胞外基质（ECM）。在ECM的形态和组成中观察到的巨大多样性对每个器官和组织的性质和功能做出了巨大贡献。例如，ECM有助于骨的刚性和拉伸强度、软骨的弹性、血管的柔韧性和流体静力强度以及皮肤的弹性。ECM在生长、发育和伤口修复过程中也很重要：其自身的动态组成充当可溶性信号分子的储存库，并介导来自其他来源的信号迁移、增殖和分化细胞。ECM的人工三维替代物，称为组织支架，可以由天然或合成聚合物或两者的组合组成。支架已成功地单独使用和与细胞和可溶性因子组合使用，以诱导组织形成或促进组织修复。适当数量的功能正常的活细胞是许多组织工程策略的核心，并且已经做出了显著的努力来鉴定和繁殖多能干细胞和谱系限制的祖细胞。在人工微环境中对这些和其他活细胞的研究，反过来又导致了对它们的受控增殖、适当分化和最佳功能重要的信号事件的鉴定。
Biological tissues and organs consist of specialized living cells arrayed within a complex structural and functional framework known generally as the extracellular matrix (ECM). The great diversity observed in the morphology and composition of the ECM contributes enormously to the properties and function of each organ and tissue. For example, the ECM contributes to the rigidity and tensile strength of bone, the resilience of cartilage, the flexibility and hydrostatic strength of blood vessels, and the elasticity of skin. The ECM is also important during growth, development, and wound repair: its own dynamic composition acts as a reservoir for soluble signaling molecules and mediates signals from other sources to migrating, proliferating, and differentiating cells. Artificial three-dimensional substitutes for ECM, called tissue scaffolds, may consist of natural or synthetic polymers or a combination of both. Scaffolds have been used successfully alone and in combination with cells and soluble factors to induce tissue formation or promote tissue repair. Appropriate numbers of properly functioning living cells are central to many tissue-engineering strategies, and significant efforts have been made to identify and propagate pluripotent stem cells and lineage-restricted progenitor cells. The study of these and other living cells in artificial microenvironments, in turn, has led to the identifcation of signaling events important for their controlled proliferation, proper differentiation, and optimal function.