Integrated Assessment of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Ghana-Part 2: Natural Sciences Review.
Integrated Assessment of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Ghana-Part 2: Natural Sciences Review.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph120808971
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发表时间：
2015-07-31
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Basu N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rajaee M;Obiri S;Green A;Long R;Cobbina SJ;Nartey V;Buck D;Antwi E;Basu N
本文是通过综合评估（IA）生成的三份综合文件之一，旨在提高对加纳手工和小规模金矿开采（ASGM）的了解。鉴于ASGM的复杂性，利用综合评估框架分析社会经济、健康和环境数据，并与利益攸关方共同制定循证对策。本文重点介绍了加纳与ASGM活动相关的生态问题的原因、现状、趋势和后果。它回顾了数十项研究和数千个样本，以记录加纳各地生态介质中重金属污染的证据。土壤和水中汞浓度普遍低于指标值，但64%的样品中沉积物汞浓度超过指标值。砷、镉和铅分别在67%、17%和24%的水样中超过指导值。ASGM站点附近的其他水质参数显示受损，一些样品的酸度，浊度和硝酸盐超过了指南。其他与asgm相关的环境质量和生态系统服务压力因素包括森林砍伐、土地退化、生物多样性丧失、遗留污染以及与气候变化的潜在联系。虽然需要更多的研究来进一步阐明ASGM对环境的长期影响，但生态破坏的合理后果应该指导政策和行动，以应对ASGM带来的独特挑战。
This paper is one of three synthesis documents produced via an integrated assessment (IA) that aims to increase understanding of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Ghana. Given the complexities surrounding ASGM, an integrated assessment (IA) framework was utilized to analyze socio-economic, health, and environmental data, and co-develop evidence-based responses with stakeholders. This paper focuses on the causes, status, trends, and consequences of ecological issues related to ASGM activity in Ghana. It reviews dozens of studies and thousands of samples to document evidence of heavy metals contamination in ecological media across Ghana. Soil and water mercury concentrations were generally lower than guideline values, but sediment mercury concentrations surpassed guideline values in 64% of samples. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead exceeded guideline values in 67%, 17%, and 24% of water samples, respectively. Other water quality parameters near ASGM sites show impairment, with some samples exceeding guidelines for acidity, turbidity, and nitrates. Additional ASGM-related stressors on environmental quality and ecosystem services include deforestation, land degradation, biodiversity loss, legacy contamination, and potential linkages to climate change. Though more research is needed to further elucidate the long-term impacts of ASGM on the environment, the plausible consequences of ecological damages should guide policies and actions to address the unique challenges posed by ASGM.