Movement process, geomorphological changes, and influencing factors of a reactivated loess landslide on the right bank of the middle of the Yellow River, China
Movement process, geomorphological changes, and influencing factors of a reactivated loess landslide on the right bank of the middle of the Yellow River, China
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DOI：
10.1007/s10346-022-01856-0
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发表时间：
2022-02-25
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Song, Zhaopeng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Sheng;Qiu, Haijun;Song, Zhaopeng
据当地村民介绍，中国河阳黄土塬上的北郭主滑坡发生在几十年前（具体时间不详）。主滑坡首次发生后，数十年没有发生重大活动，直到2017年12月17日至22日（雨季后两个月），主滑坡才完全重新活动。我们实地调查的一个有趣发现是，北国滑坡顶部发育有两条侵蚀沟和众多的黄土溶洞（群），通常被认为是雨水或地表径流进入地下深层空间的主要通道。为了更好地了解主滑坡再活动的过程和触发因素，对北郭滑坡进行了卫星遥感、干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）、无人机（UAV）调查、地面激光扫描（TLS）调查、电阻率层析成像（ERT）调查、室内实验、测斜仪实时监测以及现场调查等多学科调查。我们认为，北郭主滑坡的重新激活可能已经发生了十多年，甚至更久。 2011年以来，主滑坡体多次出现局部活动迹象，整个变形过程的最后一个加速阶段出现在2017年。黄土溶洞的发育和存在直接破坏了边坡的稳定性，降雨和地表径流迅速进入主滑坡内部。黄土溶洞对滑坡再活动的影响是长期的、持续的。研究结果表明，2017年雨季连续几天的充足降雨是主滑坡最终重新激活的最后一个直接触发因素。次生滑坡显着改变了原有坡体，包括坡体剖面形态、坡度、起伏、侵蚀、堆积等方面，加速了塬地貌的演化。该研究增强了我们对黄土滑坡再活化行为的认识，也为今后黄土滑坡再活化的监测和防治提供了重要支撑。
According to local villagers, the main Beiguo landslide on the Heyang Loess Tableland in China occurred several decades ago (the specific time is unknown). After the initial occurrence of the main landslide, there was no major activity for several decades until December 17-22, 2017 (2 months after the rainy season), when the main landslide was completely reactivated. One of the interesting findings of our field survey is that there are two erosion gullies and numerous loess caves (groups) developed at the top of the Beiguo landslide, which are generally considered to be the dominant channels by which rainwater or surface runoff enters the deep underground space. In order to better understand the process and triggering factors of the main landslide's reactivation, a multidisciplinary investigation including satellite remote sensing, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey, a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) survey, an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey, laboratory experiments, real-time monitoring using an inclinometer, and field investigations of the Beiguo landslide was conducted. We believe that the reactivation of the main Beiguo landslide may have been occurring for more than 10 years, or perhaps even longer. Since 2011, there have been several signs of local activity in the main landslide body, and the last accelerated stage of the entire deformation process occurred in 2017. The development and existence of loess caves directly destroyed the stability of the slope, and the rainfall and surface runoff quickly entered the interior of the main landslide. The influence of the loess caves on the landslide's reactivation was long-term and continuous. The results of this study suggest that the several days of abundant and continuous rainfall in the rainy season in 2017 were the last direct trigger of the final reactivation of the main landslide. The secondary landslide significantly changed the original slope, including the aspect of the slope profile's morphology, the slope gradient, relief, erosion, and accumulation, which accelerated the evolution of the tableland landform. This study enhances our understanding of the reactivation behavior of loess landslides, and also provides important support for the monitoring and prevention of reactivated landslides in the future.