Location, existence, and possession: A constructional-typological exploration
Location, existence, and possession: A constructional-typological exploration
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DOI：
10.1515/ling-2012-0018
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Koch, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Koch, Peter
自1967年以来，人们从不同的角度对位置-存在-占有语义空间进行了研究。在本文中，它首先被准确地重新定义(第2节)，从而构成了词汇和构式类型学研究的一个可操作的拟词格网。在相关语义空间的重要子部分上考察了类别的联合表达模式和类别的明显区分(第2.3/3.1节：拥有，例如对应于E.男孩有一本书；主题位置：E.书在桌子上；主位位置：E.桌子上有一本书；有界存在：E.非洲有许多狮子；(一般)存在：E.有许多不快乐的人)。这项研究是在最初的19种语言样本(第3.2节和附录B)的基础上进行的，尽管该样本偏向欧洲和非洲，但对跨语言倾向以及遗传联系和地区接近的影响产生了非常有趣的观察结果。由于对于该领域的类型学来说，重要的不仅仅是动词词条，而是整个构式(在一些语言中甚至没有系词)，构式类型学必须从构式语法的继承环节方面开发足够的工具(第四节)。在文章的中心部分，分析了语义空间内继承和类别明确区分的跨语言模式，涉及目标概念拥有(第5节)、位置(第6节)和存在(第7节)。在语义层面上，相关的链接都是转喻的，或者至少是基于邻接的。从详细的分析可以收集到几个有趣的跨语言，但也可以收集区域趋势(8.1节)。关于域位置+存在的一般假设出现了：语言要么选择信息突显，反对主位位置，要么选择命题突显，反对(类属)位置与存在，或者它们不考虑这两种类型的突显，将(类)位置和存在直接联系起来。作为结论，本文讨论了三个有趣的方法论和理论问题：共时模式和历时路径之间的不必要的一致性(8.2.1节)，领域关系存在/关系位置中的概念网格问题(8.2.2节)，以及从构式类型学角度解释的实用性(8.2.3节)。
The semantic space LOCATION-EXISTENCE-POSSESSION has been investigated from different perspectives since Lyons 1967. In this paper it is first accurately redefined (Section 2) so that it constitutes an operative onomasiological grid for lexical and constructional typological research. Patterns of joint expression of categories and of clear distinction of categories are examined over significant subparts of the relevant semantic space (Sections 2.3/3.1: POSSESSION corresponding e.g., to E. The boy had a book; THEMATIC LOCATION: E. The book was on the table; RHEMATIC LOCATION: E. There was a book on the table; BOUNDED EXISTENCE: E. There are many lions in Africa; (GENERIC) EXISTENCE: E. There are many unhappy people). This research is conducted on the basis of an initial 19-language sample (Section 3.2 and Appendix B), which, despite its bias towards Europe and Africa, yields very interesting observations concerning crosslinguistic tendencies and the effects of genetic affiliation and areal proximity. Since for the typology of this field it is not only the verbal lexical item that counts, but the whole construction (in some languages even with zero copula), adequate tools for a constructional typology have to be developed in terms of inheritance links inspired by Construction Grammar (Section 4). In the central sections of the paper, crosslinguistic patterns of inheritance and of clear distinction of categories within the semantic space are analyzed with respect to the target concepts POSSESSION (Section 5), LOCATION (Section 6), and EXISTENCE (Section 7). On the semantic level the relevant links are all metonymic or at least contiguity-based. From the detailed analyses several interesting crosslinguistic, but also areal tendencies can be gathered (Section 8.1). A general hypothesis about the domain LOCATION + EXISTENCE emerges: languages either opt for informational salience, opposing THEMATIC LOCATION to the (rhematic) rest, or for propositional salience, opposing (generic) LOCATION to EXISTENCE, or they dismiss both types of salience, linking (generic) location and EXISTENCE directly to each other. As a conclusion, three interesting methodological and theoretical issues are addressed: the non-necessary congruence between synchronic patterns and diachronic paths (Section 8.2.1), problems of the conceptual grid in the realm RHEMATIC EXISTENCE/RHEMATIC LOCATION (Section 8.2.2), and the utility of an account in terms of constructional typology (8.2.3).