Development, Epigenetics and Metabolic Programming.
Development, Epigenetics and Metabolic Programming.
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发育、表观遗传学和代谢编程。
DOI：
10.1159/000439488
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lillycrop KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Godfrey KM;Costello PM;Lillycrop KA
现在人们普遍认识到，生命早期的环境可能对人类的生长和发育产生重要影响，包括对晚年患上常见代谢病和其他非传染性疾病的风险产生深远影响的“规划”。我们已经证明，儿童肥胖与母亲肥胖、母亲维生素D水平低、妊娠期体重增加过多和母乳喂养时间短有关;母亲妊娠期饮食模式和维生素D水平与儿童骨矿物质含量和肌肉功能有关。人类研究已经确定胎儿肝脏血流适应和表观遗传变化是可能将母体影响与后代身体组成联系起来的潜在机制。在实验研究中，现在有大量证据表明，生命早期的环境通过表观遗传机制诱导表型改变。表观遗传过程如DNA甲基化、组蛋白和非编码RNA的共价修饰可以在不改变DNA碱基序列的情况下诱导基因表达的变化。这些过程涉及细胞分化和基因组印记，以及响应环境影响的发育可塑性现象。阐明这种表观遗传过程可能使早期干预策略，以改善早期发育和生长。
It is now widely recognised that the environment in early life can have important effects on human growth and development, including the “programming” of far reaching effects on the risk of developing common metabolic and other non-communicable diseases in later life. We have shown that greater childhood adiposity is associated with higher maternal adiposity, low maternal vitamin D status, excessive gestational weight gain, and short duration of breastfeeding; maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy and vitamin D status have been linked with childhood bone mineral content and muscle function. Human studies have identified fetal liver blood flow adaptations and epigenetic changes as potential mechanisms that could link maternal influences with offspring body composition. In experimental studies there is now substantial evidence that the environment during early life induces altered phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histones and non-coding RNAs can induce changes in gene expression without a change in DNA base sequence. Such processes are involved in cell differentiation and genomic imprinting, as well as the phenomenon of developmental plasticity in response to environmental influences. Elucidation of such epigenetic processes may enable early intervention strategies to improve early development and growth.