Human-centric infrastructure resilience: Uncovering well-being risk disparity due to infrastructure disruptions in disasters
Human-centric infrastructure resilience: Uncovering well-being risk disparity due to infrastructure disruptions in disasters
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0234381
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发表时间：
2020-06-18
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mostafavi, Ali
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dargin, Jennifer S.;Mostafavi, Ali
本文的目的是实证检验灾害期间基础设施服务中断对弱势群体幸福感的影响。只有有限的研究经验性地评估基础设施系统服务中断对亚人口群体的不同影响程度，以及这些影响与家庭福祉的关系。为了突出家庭的不同需求和不平等，有必要系统地捕捉社区中因基础设施中断而导致的不同群体的不同经历。为了解决这一知识差距，本研究得出了家庭的社会人口因素与其主观幸福感影响之间的经验关系，这些影响是由于哈维飓风期间和之后各种基础设施服务中断造成的。由Spearman-秩次相关和Fisher-z检验推动的统计分析表明，由于弱势群体的服务中断，幸福感存在显著差异。主观幸福感的特征被用来解释基础设施服务中断对不同亚群的影响程度。结果表明：(1)与电力和通信服务相比，交通、固体废物、食品和水基础设施服务的中断导致了更显著的幸福感影响差异；(2)被认为是黑人和非裔美国人的家庭由于食品、交通和固体废物服务的中断而经历了幸福感的影响；以及(3)由于服务中断，家庭更有可能感到无助、难以做日常工作以及感觉与他们的社区疏远。这些发现为理解基础设施弹性在家庭福祉中的作用提供了新的见解，并突显了为什么使用考虑各种因素的方法如此重要。基础设施弹性模型往往是铁板一块的。这些结果为不同亚群的幸福感影响的不平等提供了经验和数量证据。研究方法和研究结果使我们能够在基础设施复原力方面向更加以人为本的方法转变。
The objective of this paper is to empirically examine the impacts of infrastructure service disruptions on the well-being of vulnerable populations during disasters. There are limited studies that empirically evaluate the extent to which disruptions in infrastructure system services impact subpopulation groups differently and how these impacts relate to the wellbeing of households. Being able to systematically capture the differential experiences of sub-populations in a community due to infrastructure disruptions is necessary to highlight the differential needs and inequities that households have. In order to address this knowledge gap, this study derives an empirical relationship between sociodemographic factors of households and their subjective well-being impacts due to disruptions in various infrastructure services during and immediately after Hurricane Harvey. Statistical analysis driven by spearman-rank order correlations and fisher-z tests indicated significant disparities in well-being due to service disruptions among vulnerable population groups. The characterization of subjective well-being is used to explain to what extent infrastructure service disruptions influence different subpopulations. The results show that: (1) disruptions in transportation, solid waste, food, and water infrastructure services resulted in more significant well-being impact disparities as compared to electricity and communication services; (2) households identifying as Black and African American experienced well-being impact due to disruptions in food, transportation, and solid waste services; and (3) households were more likely to feel helpless, difficulty doing daily tasks and feeling distance from their community as a result of service disruptions. The findings present novel insights into understanding the role of infrastructure resilience in household well-being and highlights why it is so important to use approaches that consider various factors. Infrastructure resilience models tend to be monolithic. The results provide empirical and quantitative evidence of the inequalities in well-being impacts across various sub-populations. The research approach and findings enable a paradigm shift towards a more human-centric approach to infrastructure resilience.