Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among women and among men:: An international study
Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among women and among men:: An international study
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.89.12.1800
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发表时间：
1999-12-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Valkonen, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mackenbach, JP;Kunst, AE;Valkonen, T
目标。本研究比较了 7 个国家（美国、芬兰、挪威、意大利、捷克共和国、匈牙利和爱沙尼亚）按教育水平划分的女性和男性总死亡率和具体原因死亡率的差异。方法。获得了该时期的国家数据。 1980 至 约。 1990.通过泊松回归分析计算了比较广泛的低教育群体和广泛的高等教育群体的年龄调整率比率。结果。女性的总死亡率从捷克共和国的 1.09 到美国和爱沙尼亚的 1.31 不等。大多数死因中，受教育程度较低的女性的死亡率较高，但肿瘤的死亡率则不然。女性总死亡率的相对不平等往往小于男性。在美国和西欧。但在中欧和东欧则不然，这种性别差异很大程度上是由于女性和男性死因模式的差异造成的。对于特定的死亡原因，男性之间的不平等通常更大。结论。对社会经济因素、性别和死亡率之间相互作用的进一步研究可能为解释健康不平等提供重要线索。
Objectives. This study compared differences in total and cause-specific mortality by educational level among women with those among men in 7 countries: the United States, Finland, Norway, Italy, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Estonia.Methods. National data were obtained for the period ca. 1980 to ca. 1990. Age-adjusted rate ratios comparing a broad lower-educational group with a broad upper-educational group were calculated with Poisson regression analysis.Results. Total mortality rate ratios among women ranged from 1.09 in the Czech Republic to 1.31 in the United States and Estonia. Higher mortality rates among lower-educated women were found for most causes of death, but not for neoplasms. Relative inequalities in total mortality tended to be smaller among women than among men. In the United States and Western Europe. but not in Central and Eastern Europe, this sex difference was largely due to differences between women and men in cause-of-death pattern. For specific causes of death, inequalities are usually larger among men.Conclusions. Further study of the interaction between socioeconomic factors, sex, and mortality may provide important clues to the explanation of inequalities in health.