Hearing Impairment in Old Age
Hearing Impairment in Old Age
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DOI：
10.3238/arztebl.2019.0301
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发表时间：
2019-04-26
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Walther, Leif Erik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Loehler, Jan;Cebulla, Mario;Walther, Leif Erik
背景：随着人口老龄化，老年相关听力障碍(老年性耳聋)变得越来越常见。方法：本综述基于Medline和Google Scholar的选择性检索，包括个别研究、荟萃分析、指南、Cochrane综述和其他综述。结果：老年性耳聋的主要症状是双侧听力障碍所致的沟通障碍。患者可能在很长一段时间内没有意识到这个问题，因为它的潜伏发展。有证据表明，老年时未经治疗的听力障碍可能会对患者的心理、身体和社会健康产生广泛的不利影响。通过简单的诊断测试或适当的问卷调查，就有可能及早发现。在大多数情况下，双侧助听器是一种有效的治疗方法。很少有手术指征。对于单侧或双侧耳聋的患者，人工耳蜗是治疗的首选。这些治疗可以改善许多患者的生活质量。结论：目前可用的少量证据表明，在德国，老年性耳聋没有得到充分的诊断和治疗。由所有专科医生及早发现，然后在每个病例中进行专门的鉴别诊断评估，是一个理想的目标。
Backgqround: Hearing impairment associated with old age (presbycusis) is becoming more common because the population is aging.Methods: This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in Medline and Google Scholar, including individual studies, meta-analyses, guidelines, Cochrane reviews, and other reviews.Results: The cardinal symptom of presbycusis is impaired communication due to bilateral hearing impairment. Patients may be unaware of the problem for a long time because of its insidious progression. Evidence suggests that untreated hearing impairment in old age can have extensive adverse effects on the patient's mental, physical, and social well-being. Early detection is possible with the aid of simple diagnostic tests or suitable questionnaires. In most cases, bilateral hearing aids are an effective treatment. Surgery is rarely indicated. For patients with uni- or bilateral deafness, a cochlear implant is the treatment of choice. These treatments can improve many patients' quality of life.Conclusion: The small amount of evidence that is currently available suggests that presbycusis is underdiagnosed and undertreated in Germany. Early detection by physicians of all specialties, followed in each case by a specialized differential diagnostic evaluation, is a desirable goal.