The Sex Gap in Political Persuading: Where the "Structuring Principle" Works*
The Sex Gap in Political Persuading: Where the "Structuring Principle" Works*
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政治说服中的性别差距：“结构原则”发挥作用的地方*
DOI：
10.2307/2110911
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发表时间：
1981
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Ronald B. Rapoport
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ronald B. Rapoport
在过去的25年里，政治行为的性别差异显著减少。剩下的几个分歧之一是试图说服其他人如何投票。本文从社会化的角度解释了这种差异，认为青少年女性更不愿意表达态度是成年女性更不愿意表达态度和试图说服他人如何投票的前兆。这一解释的成功表明，如果充分明确了未成年人和成年人态度和行为之间的联系，那么结构化原则就可以得到有效的应用。作为一个领域，政治社会化已经严重阻碍了它未能直接解决的问题，即如何前成人的政治取向与成人的态度和行为。虽然一些研究人员（例如，伊斯顿和丹尼斯，1969年）的理论的影响，童年的重要成人政治变量，如分散的支持，他们含蓄地假设，而不是测试，命题，童年的态度持续和结构以后的态度。这种测试的理论重要性是显而易见的。它们将具体说明早期学习影响成人政治变量的条件和机制。这样，我们就可以具体说明和研究政治社会化过程中对成年人的态度和行为最重要的那些方面和时期。大卫·马什（David Marsh，1971）是最早强调儿童与成人之间联系重要性的批评家之一。然而，马什没有数据来检验这种联系，这个问题在很大程度上继续被忽视。事实上，唐纳德·席林和他的同事们（席林、施瓦茨和林德，1973年;席林、赖特和拉宾诺维茨，1976年）在20世纪70年代写道，他们无法找到任何连贯的模型来解释早期学习是如何构建的，
Sex differences in political behavior have decreased significantly over the last 25 years. One of the few remaining differences is in the area of trying to persuade others how to vote. This paper explains this difference from a socialization perspective, arguing that the greater reluctance of adolescent females to express attitudes is a precursor of the greater reluctance of adult females both to express attitudes and to try to persuade others how to vote. The success of this explanation shows that the structuring principle can be usefully applied if the link between preadult and adult attitudes and behavior is sufficiently well-specified. As a field, political socialization has been severely hampered by its failure to address directly the question of how preadult political orientations are linked to adult attitudes and behaviors. Although some researchers (e.g., Easton and Dennis, 1969) have theorized about the impact of childhood on important adult political variables such as diffuse support, they have implicitly assumed, rather than tested, the proposition that childhood attitudes persist and structure later attitudes. The theoretical importance of such tests is obvious. They would specify the conditions under which, and the mechanisms through which, early learning affects adult political variables. We could then specify and study those aspects and periods of the political socialization process which are the most significant for adult attitudes and behaviors. One of the first critics to emphasize the importance of the child-adult link was David Marsh (1971). Marsh, however, had no data with which to test this link, and the problem continued to be ignored for the most part. In fact, Donald Searing and his colleagues (Searing, Schwartz, and Lind, 1973; Searing, Wright, and Rabinowitz, 1976), writing in the 1970s, were unable to find any coherent model of the ways in which early learning either struc
20世纪60年代科技国家的自画像：蒙特利尔、大阪世博会展品
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Taisuke Takayama;Hirotaka Matsuda;Tomoaki Nakatani;Kuniaki Saito;野上 建紀;佐野真由子;グエン・ティ・ラン・アィン;野上 建紀;冨善一敏;稲田奈津子;佐野真由子;三田辰彦;長谷川達朗;Tatsuo Sasaki and Hanae Sasaki;佐野真由子;長谷川達朗;三田辰彦;渡辺芳郎;三田辰彦;有賀暢迪
通讯作者：
有賀暢迪