Leadership, consensus decision making and collective behaviour in humans
Leadership, consensus decision making and collective behaviour in humans
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2008.0233
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发表时间：
2009-03-27
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Krause, Jens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dyer, John R. G.;Johansson, Anders;Krause, Jens
本文回顾了有关脊椎动物群体领导力的文献，包括最近对人类群体的研究，然后介绍了三个新实验的结果，这些实验研究了小型和大型人类群体的领导力和决策。在实验1中，我们发现，群体规模和存在的不知情的个人可以影响的速度，其中小人类群体（8人）之间决定两个相反的方向偏好和群体分裂的可能性。在实验2中，我们表明，在小的人类群体（10人）的空间定位的通知个人可以影响群体运动的速度和准确性。我们发现，将领导者混合在一个团队的中心和边缘，可以提高团队达到目标的速度和准确性。在实验3中，我们使用了大量的人群（100和200人）来证明，从早期使用小人群的工作中观察到的趋势可以应用于更大的人群。我们发现，只有一小部分知情的个人需要指导一个大的不知情的群体。这些研究建立在动物群体领导和决策的重要理论和实证工作。
This paper reviews the literature on leadership in vertebrate groups, including recent work on human groups, before presenting the results of three new experiments looking at leadership and decision making in small and large human groups. In experiment 1, we find that both group size and the presence of uninformed individuals can affect the speed with which small human groups (eight people) decide between two opposing directional preferences and the likelihood of the group splitting. In experiment 2, we show that the spatial positioning of informed individuals within small human groups (10 people) can affect the speed and accuracy of group motion. We find that having a mixture of leaders positioned in the centre and on the edge of a group increases the speed and accuracy with which the group reaches their target. In experiment 3, we use large human crowds (100 and 200 people) to demonstrate that the trends observed from earlier work using small human groups can be applied to larger crowds. We find that only a small minority of informed individuals is needed to guide a large uninformed group. These studies build upon important theoretical and empirical work on leadership and decision making in animal groups.