The effects of direction and speed on treadmill walking in typically developing children
The effects of direction and speed on treadmill walking in typically developing children
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.11.028
复制
发表时间：
2021-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Wu, Jianhua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henderson, Gena;Ferreira, Diego;Wu, Jianhua
背景资料：向后行走和快速行走在成人中具有独特的步态模式;然而，很少有文献描述这些步态改变在典型发育中的儿童中。此外，大多数以前的研究集中在地上向后走，但不是在treader.Research问题：如何典型的发展中国家的儿童适应他们的步态模式，包括时空参数，关节运动学和肌肉激活，在跑步机行走的方向和速度的变化？方法：我们招募了19名6-12岁的儿童（10名男性/9名女性）。跑步机条件包括以三种速度向前和向后行走：慢速（正常速度的75%）、正常速度和快速（正常速度的125%）。受试者在每种条件下完成2分钟的试验。收集和分析时空，运动学，动力学和肌电图数据。向前和时间反向向后行走之间的相关性计算关节角度和垂直地面reaction forces.Results：在向后行走，儿童（a）减少步长和增加步宽和脚间隙，（B）减少峰髋关节和膝关节屈曲和增加峰踝关节背屈，和（c）增加肌肉活动在股外侧肌，股直肌，胫骨前肌。在更快的速度下，孩子们增加了步长，并不一致地增加了整体肌肉活动。髋关节和膝关节表现出很高的相关性向前和时间反转向后行走，而在踝关节的相关性是low.Significance：总体而言，儿童适应他们的步态的方向和速度的变化，跑步机上行走的成年人以类似的方式。然而，显着的差异出现在儿童限制他们的踝关节的运动范围。我们的研究结果表明，虽然这个年龄段的步态的许多方面已经足够成熟，可以适应在跑步机上向后行走，但在跑步机上向后行走时，儿童踝关节的神经肌肉控制可能仍然缺乏。
Background: Backward walking and fast walking have distinctive gait patterns in adults; however, there is minimal literature describing these gait modifications in typically developing children. Additionally, most of previous research focused on overground backward walking, but not on a treadmill.Research question: How do typically developing children adapt their gait patterns, including spatiotemporal parameters, joint kinematics, and muscle activation, to changes in direction and speed during treadmill walking?Methods: We recruited 19 children (10 M/9 F) aged 6-12 years. Treadmill conditions included forward and backward walking at three speeds: slow (75 % of normal speed), normal speed, and fast (125 % of normal speed). Subjects completed a 2-minute trial under each condition. Spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic and electromyography data were collected and analyzed. Correlations between forward and time-reversed backward walking were calculated for joint angles and vertical ground reaction force.Results: During backward walking, children (a) decreased step lengths and increased step widths and foot clearance, (b) decreased peak hip and knee flexion and increased peak ankle dorsiflexion, and (c) increased muscle activity at the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior. At faster speeds, children increased step lengths and inconsistently increased overall muscle activity. Both the hip and knee showed high correlation between forward and time-reversed backward walking, while correlation at the ankle was low.Significance: Overall, children adapt their gait to changes in direction and speed of treadmill walking in similar ways to adults. However, notable differences emerged in that children limited their ankle range of motion. Our results suggest that, while many aspects of gait are mature enough by this age to adapt to backward walking on a treadmill, neuromuscular control at the ankle may still be lacking in children while walking backward on a treadmill.