Spatial seated occupancy detection in offices with a chair-based temperature sensor array
Spatial seated occupancy detection in offices with a chair-based temperature sensor array
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DOI：
10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107360
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Danielle N. Wagner;Aayush Mathur;Brandon E. Boor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Danielle N. Wagner;Aayush Mathur;Brandon E. Boor
用于监测室内环境条件和公用事业消耗的传感器可以产生定义明确的工作和生活空间。用于跟踪室内人员的实时时空居住检测技术与这些数据相结合，可以更好地了解居住者对室内空气质量和建筑能耗的作用。这项研究介绍了一种新的占有率感应技术，利用基于椅子的温度传感器阵列来检测坐在实验室开放式办公室中的占有者的存在。在7个月的时间里，使用K型热电偶跟踪了20个人的座椅表面温度，这些热电偶将电池供电的数据记录器固定在已知地点的办公椅上。乘员和座椅表面之间的温差可以实现快速传导，从而检测到一个人是否坐着。将座椅表面温度时间序列转换为每把椅子的二进制座椅占有率，并进行累加，得到时间分辨率为15%的房间座椅占有率空间地图。使用新技术评估了7个月的办公室座椅占有率时空分布的趋势。这种高度本地化的占用检测形式与非本地化的传感技术相比提供了几个优点，包括随时间可视化空间占用模式；确定以“占用条形码”形式可视化的单个座位占用历史；在不同的时间尺度上量化不同空间区域中的每个占用人的总坐着小时数；以及表征按占用人的相对存在水平分类的坐着占用概率的日趋势和周趋势。
Sensors used to monitor indoor environmental conditions and utility consumption can result in well-defined working and living spaces. Real-time spatiotemporal occupancy detection techniques used to track humans indoors paired with these data can be used to better understand the role of occupants on indoor air quality and building energy consumption. This study introduces a novel occupancy sensing technique whereby a chair-based temperature sensor array is used to detect the presence of occupants seated in a living laboratory open-plan office. Seat surface temperatures were tracked for twenty individuals over seven months using K-type thermocouples with battery-powered dataloggers secured to office chairs in known locations. The temperature differential between the occupant and seat surface enables for rapid conduction and thus detection of one's seated presence. Seat surface temperature time-series were converted to binary seated occupancy for each chair and totaled to achieve a spatial map of room seated occupancy with a time resolution of 15 s. Trends in spatiotemporal seated occupancy profiles in the office were evaluated for seven months using the novel technique. This highly localized form of occupancy detection offers several advantages compared to delocalized sensing techniques, including visualization of spatial occupancy patterns over time; determination of individual seated occupancy histories visualized in the form of “occupancy barcodes; ” quantification of total seated hours per occupant in different spatial zones across varying time-scales; and characterization of diurnal and weekly trends in seated occupancy probabilities categorized by an occupant's relative level of presence.