Stratification by Skin Color in Contemporary Mexico
Stratification by Skin Color in Contemporary Mexico
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当代墨西哥的肤色分层
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
A. Villarreal
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作者：
A. Villarreal
拉丁美洲经常被用作比较美国种族关系的背景。然而，关于拉丁美洲种族问题的研究几乎完全集中在该地区有大量公认的非洲人后裔的国家，如巴西。这些国家的种族分类是以肤色区分为基础的，沿着黑白连续体。相比之下，在墨西哥等印度-拉丁美洲国家，土著居民和非土著居民之间的主要社会公认的种族区别主要不是基于表型差异，而是基于文化习俗和语言使用。然而，今天许多墨西哥人表达了对白皮肤和欧洲特征的偏好，尽管似乎不存在明确的肤色分类系统。在这项研究中，我使用的数据，从全国代表性的小组调查墨西哥成年人研究的程度，基于肤色的社会分层在当代墨西哥。尽管在肤色分类极端模糊，我发现相当大的协议调查采访者谁属于三个肤色类别。研究结果还提供了肤色造成的深刻社会分层的证据。肤色较深的人受教育程度和职业地位明显较低，即使在控制了其他个人特征之后，他们也更有可能生活在贫困中，不太可能富裕。
Latin America is often used as a backdrop against which U.S. race relations are compared. Yet research on race in Latin America focuses almost exclusively on countries in the region with a large recognized presence of individuals of African descent such as Brazil. Racial categories in these countries are based on skin color distinctions along a black-white continuum. By contrast, the main socially recognized ethnic distinction in Indo-Latin American countries such as Mexico, between indigenous and non-indigenous residents, is not based primarily on phenotypical differences, but rather on cultural practices and language use. Many Mexicans today nevertheless express a preference for whiter skin and European features, even though no clear system of skin color categorization appears to exist. In this study, I use data from a nationally-representative panel survey of Mexican adults to examine the extent of skin-color-based social stratification in contemporary Mexico. Despite extreme ambiguity in skin color classification, I find considerable agreement among survey interviewers about who belongs to three skin color categories. The results also provide evidence of profound social stratification by skin color. Individuals with darker skin tone have significantly lower levels of educational attainment and occupational status, and they are more likely to live in poverty and less likely to be affluent, even after controlling for other individual characteristics.