Epidemiology of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Japan and in the World.
Epidemiology of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Japan and in the World.
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DOI：
10.5056/jnm14165
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发表时间：
2015-07-30
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Miwa H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oshima T;Miwa H
功能性胃肠道疾病 (FGID)，以功能性消化不良 (FD) 和肠易激综合征 (IBS) 为代表，是一组疾病，包括慢性或复发性胃肠道症状的各种组合，无法用结构或生化异常来解释。在初级保健机构出现腹部症状的患者中，FGID 占很大比例。虽然 FGID 的定义很容易影响患病率，但一般人群中按罗马 III 标准诊断的消化不良/FD 和 IBS 的患病率分别为 5.3-20.4% 和 1.1-29.2%。最近根据罗马 III 标准定义的 FD 和 IBS 报告表明女性占主导地位。关于 FD 的亚型患病率，餐后不适综合征比上腹疼痛综合征更常见（5.6-13.9% vs 0.9-9.5%）。 IBS 亚型患病率的特点是，伴有腹泻的 IBS 患者以男性为主，伴便秘的 IBS 患者以女性为主。影响 FGID 发生的因素（例如遗传和环境因素等流行病学因素）非常重要。基因多态性参与 FGID 的发生。患病率因种族和地理区域而异。食物可能会影响 FGID 的发生，但食物与 FGID 之间的因果关系尚无定论。症状通常会在这些实体的过程中消退并出现。建立良好的医患关系可以有效控制 FGID 的症状。医生应向患者解释，FGID 是一种非常普遍的疾病，即使没有明显的潜在器质性原因，也会损害患者的生活质量，并且不会危及生命，以确保患者理解。
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), represented by functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are a group of disorders that include variable combinations of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. FGIDs account for a significant percentage of patients seen in primary care settings with abdominal symptoms. Although the definition of FGIDs can easily affect the prevalence, the prevalences of dyspepsia/FD and IBS diagnosed by the Rome III criteria in the general population are 5.3–20.4% and 1.1–29.2%, respectively. Recent reports of FD and IBS defined by the Rome III criteria indicated a female predominance. Regarding the subtype prevalence of FD, postprandial distress syndrome was more prevalent than epigastric pain syndrome (5.6–13.9% vs 0.9–9.5%). The subtype prevalence of IBS is characterized by male predominance for IBS with diarrhea and female predominance for IBS with constipation. Factors affecting the development of FGIDs such as epidemiological factors including genetic and environmental factors, are important. Gene polymorphisms are involved in the development of FGIDs. The prevalence differs among races and geographic areas. Foods may affect the development of FGIDs, but the causal relationships between food and FGIDs are not conclusive. The symptoms often regress and appear in the course of these entities. Building a favorable patient-doctor relationship is effective for controlling symptoms of FGIDs. Physicians should explain that FGIDs are highly prevalent conditions, impair the patients’ quality of life even without evident underlying organic causes and are not life-threatening conditions to ensure patients’ understanding.