Do the TRAPPIST-1 Planets Have Hydrogen-rich Atmospheres?

Do the TRAPPIST-1 Planets Have Hydrogen-rich Atmospheres?
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TRAPPIST-1 行星是否拥有富氢大气层?

DOI:
10.3847/1538-4357/ab6168
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
M. Ogihara
M. Ogihara
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Y. Hori;M. Ogihara

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最近,TRAPPIST-1行星大气中的透射光谱显示出平坦且无特征的吸收光谱,这排除了无云,氢主导的大气。围绕TRAPPIST-1运行的地球大小的行星可能有一个清晰或多云/朦胧的贫氢大气层。在本文中,我们调查是否建议的形成方案是一致的预期大气成分的TRAPPIST-1行星。我们研究了富氢气体的数量,TRAPPIST-1类行星从周围的磁盘吸积,直到磁盘分散。由于TRAPPIST-1行星被困在一个共振链,我们模拟磁盘气体吸积到一个迁移的TRAPPIST-1类行星。我们发现,吸积的富氢气体的量很小,对于TRAPPIST-1 B和1 c分别为10−2 wt%和0.1 wt%,对于1 d为10−2 wt%,对于1 e为1 wt%,对于1 f和1 g为几wt%,对于1 h为1 wt%。我们还计算了长期的热演化的TRAPPIST-1类行星盘耗散后,估计质量损失的富氢大气驱动的恒星X射线和紫外线照射。我们发现,所有的吸积富氢大气可以通过流体动力学逃逸而丢失。因此,我们得出结论,TRAPPIST-1行星应该没有原始的富氢气体,但二级大气层,如金星和水蒸气,如果他们目前保留大气层。
Recently, transmission spectroscopy in the atmospheres of the TRAPPIST-1 planets revealed flat and featureless absorption spectra, which rule out cloud-free, hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Earth-sized planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 likely have either a clear or a cloudy/hazy, hydrogen-poor atmosphere. In this paper, we investigate whether a proposed formation scenario is consistent with expected atmospheric compositions of the TRAPPIST-1 planets. We examine the amount of hydrogen-rich gas that TRAPPIST-1-like planets accreted from the ambient disk until disk dispersal. Since TRAPPIST-1 planets are trapped into a resonant chain, we simulate disk gas accretion onto a migrating TRAPPIST-1-like planet. We find that the amount of accreted hydrogen-rich gas is as small as 10−2 wt% and 0.1 wt% for TRAPPIST-1 b and 1 c, 10−2 wt% for 1 d, 1 wt% for 1 e, a few wt% for 1 f and 1 g and 1 wt% for 1 h, respectively. We also calculate the long-term thermal evolution of TRAPPIST-1-like planets after disk dissipation and estimate the mass loss of their hydrogen-rich atmospheres driven by stellar X-ray and UV irradiation. We find that all the accreted hydrogen-rich atmospheres can be lost via hydrodynamic escape. Therefore, we conclude that TRAPPIST-1 planets should have no primordial hydrogen-rich gases but secondary atmospheres such as a Venus-like one and water vapor, if they currently retain atmospheres.
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201628955
发表时间: 2016-09
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影响因子: --
作者:
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DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae534
发表时间: 2018
期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子: --
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