Neighborhood Inequalities in Retailers' Compliance With the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009, January 2014-July 2014.
Neighborhood Inequalities in Retailers' Compliance With the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009, January 2014-July 2014.
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DOI：
10.5888/pcd12.150231
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发表时间：
2015-10-08
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Goldstein AO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee JG;Baker HM;Ranney LM;Goldstein AO
零售商不遵守美国有限的烟草广告和标签法规，在历史上是由邻里模式的方式，促进健康的差距。2010年，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）开始根据2009年《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法》执行更严格的烟草零售商法规。然而，最近的研究发现，FDA广告和标签检查的社区特征在合规性方面没有差异。我们试图调查与零售商不遵守特定FDA广告和标签检查相关的社区特征（即违反自助展示禁令，销售单支香烟，虚假或贴错标签的产品，自动售货机，调味香烟和免费样品）。我们对2014年1月1日至7月31日期间（N = 33，543）的违规类型和地理编码广告和标签检查的FDA广告和标签警告信（n = 718）进行了编码。使用多层次模型，我们研究了违反类型和邻里特征之间的横截面关联，以前与差异（即，黑人，拉丁美洲人，贫困线以下，18岁以下的百分比）。零售商的广告和标签违规行为是由谁住在附近的模式;受管制的烟草产品更有可能被存储在柜台后面的黑人或拉丁美洲居民的百分比增加，和单一的香烟更经常可供购买的黑人，穷人或年轻居民的百分比增加。与之前的无效调查结果相反，不遵守FDA广告和标签法规是由社区特征造成的，有时是相反的方向。考虑到在同一社区中自助服务违规的可能性很低，而这些社区有很高的单支香烟销售的可能性，我们建议采取有针对性的方法来进行FDA零售商检查和教育活动。
Retailer noncompliance with limited US tobacco regulations on advertising and labeling was historically patterned by neighborhood in ways that promote health disparities. In 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began enforcing stronger tobacco retailer regulations under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009. However, recent research has found no differences in compliance by neighborhood characteristics for FDA advertising and labeling inspections. We sought to investigate the neighborhood characteristics associated with retailer noncompliance with specific FDA advertising and labeling inspections (ie, violations of bans on self-service displays, selling single cigarettes, false or mislabeled products, vending machines, flavored cigarettes, and free samples). We coded FDA advertising and labeling warning letters (n = 718) for type of violations and geocoded advertising and labeling inspections from January 1 through July 31, 2014 (N = 33,543). Using multilevel models, we examined cross-sectional associations between types of violations and neighborhood characteristics previously associated with disparities (ie, percentage black, Latino, under the poverty line, and younger than 18 years). Retailer advertising and labeling violations are patterned by who lives in the neighborhood; regulated tobacco products are more likely to be stored behind the counter as the percentage of black or Latino residents increases, and single cigarettes are more often available for purchase in neighborhoods as the percentage of black, poor, or young residents increases. Contrary to previous null findings, noncompliance with FDA advertising and labeling regulations is patterned by neighborhood characteristics, sometimes in opposite directions. Given the low likelihood of self-service violations in the same neighborhoods that have high likelihood of single cigarette sales, we suggest targeted approaches to FDA retailer inspections and education campaigns.