Biodegradation of polyurethane: a review
Biodegradation of polyurethane: a review
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DOI：
10.1016/s0964-8305(02)00051-3
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Howard, GT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard, GT
缺乏可降解性和垃圾填埋场的关闭以及日益严重的水和土地污染问题导致了对塑料的担忧。原油等原材料日益短缺，用来合成塑料，废旧塑料的回收利用变得越来越重要。随着回收利用的重要性增加，对聚氨酯生物降解性的研究也在增加。聚氨酯是一种重要的、用途广泛的人造聚合物，用于医疗、汽车和工业领域的各种产品。聚氨酯是由多异氰酸酯和多元醇缩合而成的一类聚合物的总称。尽管聚氨酯是外来生物的起源，但已发现它容易被自然产生的微生物生物降解。微生物对聚氨酯的降解取决于聚合物的许多性质，如分子取向、结晶度、交联度和分子链中的化学基团，这些基团决定了降解酶系统的可及性。酯酶活性(膜结合和细胞外)在微生物中已被注意到，这使得它们能够利用聚氨酯。微生物降解聚酯型聚氨酯的主要原因是这些酯酶对酯键的水解性。(C)2002爱思唯尔科学有限公司。保留所有权利。
Lack of degradability and the closing of landfill sites as well as growing water and land pollution problems have led to concern about plastics. Increasingly, raw materials such as crude oil are in short supply for the synthesis of plastics, and the recycling of waste plastics is becoming more important. As the importance of recycling increases, so do studies on elucidation of the biodegradability of polyurethanes. Polyurethanes are an important and versatile class of man-made polymers used in a wide variety of products in the medical, automotive and industrial fields. Polyurethane is a general term used for a class of polymers derived from the condensation of polyisocyanates and polyalcohols. Despite its xenobiotic origins, polyurethane has been found to be susceptible to biodegradation by naturally occurring microorganisms. Microbial degradation of polyurethanes is dependent on the many properties of the polymer such as molecular orientation, crystallinity, cross-linking and chemical groups present in the molecular chains which determine the accessibility to degrading-enzyme systems. Esterase activity (both membrane-bound and extracellular) has been noted in microbes which allow them to utilize polyurethane. Microbial degradation of polyester polyurethane is hypothosized to be mainly due to the hydrolysis of ester bonds by these esterase enzymes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.